Posted by: adonis49 on: January 22, 2012
A few cultures find math easy: many cultures have difficulties
Do you think math abilities is genetic? Not quite, apparently. Do you think that math is just a matter of manipulating numbers? Not quite, apparently. There are at least four main factors that promote math thinking and abilities:
First factor: There are indications that math aptitude is generated from customs of persistent habit in resolving problems. It appears that doing well in Math is related to engaged attitudes for working hard: The more persistent and resolved to solve a problem, the longer your attitude to be engaged in what you do, the better you are in math.
For example, people in culture working in rice fields that require constant and hard effort all year round do better in math than other people who just saw, forget the field for a season, and just reap in the proper season. A rice paddy, the size of a room, is built from the ground up, irrigated frequently at the proper level, and constantly maintained and worked 360 days a years, rain or shine…A rice paddy is literally “blood” and sweat and waking up everyday at 5 am to tend to the paddies: The rice peasant and his family have to tend to the adequate amount of water, varieties of proper rice shoots, cleaning each plant from parasites…If you need good quality and two harvest, you have got to sacrifice blood, sweat, persistence, endurance…The survival in rice planting culture is very delicate, and working hard with resolve is a way of life.
Second factor: Cultures with vocal numbers that are reduced to single syllables do better than culture complicating the utterance of simple numbers with long string of syllables. Why? Kids of 5 year-old, instead of focusing on manipulating numbers, spend many precious years just memorizing how to say and comprehend verbal numbers. Our short-term memory of a couple of seconds can handle ten syllables, and if the numbers are of single syllable, kids are better at memorizing and recalling strings of 10 numbers in any order they are presented: Digits are fun and no longer a complicated manipulation of transformations from the verbal to the numeric dimensions…
Third factors: Cultures with logical correspondence between the vocalized numbers and the digits do better than other cultures in math. For example, what eleven (11) has to do with one and ten? Or the French number 93 (quatre vingt threize) has to do with nine tens and three? Instead of first transforming a complicated vocalized number before figuring out its corresponding digital number, the Cantonese Chinese culture has arranged to say the numbers the way they are written logically.
For example, how would you keep in your short-term memory two numbers such as two hundred and forty-five (245) and seven hundred and twenty-one (721)? Suppose these two numbers are vocalized as (two hundred four ten and five), and ( seven hundred two ten and one), which would constitute 10 syllables since each number is of a single syllable, the kids in which culture would have a qualitative edge in manipulating numbers and math?
Adding and subtracting the two numbers are straightforward in Cantonese: The digits are plainly arranged for computation, and you don’t need several mental transformations before you get to the task of adding…
Kids of 3 year-old in a particular culture have more facility with math than kids of over 5 year-old in other cultures, simply because they don’t need to undergo several mental manipulations and having to retrieve from the various working memory data and information stored in verbal forms and complicated shapes…
Culture relying mainly on trading variety of goods end up devising a coded language for transactions, mainly by truncating the verbal numbers and shortening the sentences in transactions: I guess, lengthy verbal numbers originally adopted in the language are truncated when transacting goods…
Four, kids who are trained to solve all the math problems and exercises after each math chapters, from the easiest to the hardest, in neat and legible handwriting, do better than kids who have no patience of solving but what they consider to be harder than the other problems, and don’t care to sit down and put down on paper how they solved the problem…
This practice of solving all the math problems and exercises has this huge benefit of spending 10,000 hours in math practice-sessions, a requirement to getting top among math professionals…
Curiously, kids and students who excel in math have acquired the habit of focusing entirely on the lesson in class.
Maybe the second and third factors don’t translate well into the abstract domain of mathematics in the long-term, simply because the kids get used to relying very much on their short-term memory and fail to train adequately their working memory for other kinds of intelligence and abilities. But the first and fourth factors are essential for doing great in math.
Note: This post was inspired from a chapter in “Outliers” by Malcolm Gladwell
Posted by: adonis49 on: January 21, 2012
Do you smile at a hot loaf of bread offered to you? I’ll tell you what I smile at…
What is this Maslow’s Pyramid? Abraham Maslow was a psychologist who identified in the 1940′s a simple and easily understandable set of human needs that motivate mankind. The pyramid is a structured hierarchy of needs starts from basic needs for satisfying physiological needs such as eating, drinking, sleeping… and stepping up to satisfying feeling of security and order, then growing emotional needs to belonging socially (to love and be loved), achieving the yearning to be respected and recognized, and finally working toward self-fulfilment…
And many “professionals” in all kinds of social and psychological fields bought it and programmed us according to this “rational” concept, which lacks the necessary experimentation
There is a book by Paul W. King “Climbing Maslow’s Pyramid: Choosing your own path through life” who is regurgitating this pyramid concept of mankind priority needs and wants. King starts his pyramid with confidence and self-esteem, the next step in the hierarchy is sex, love, relationships, and followed by spirituality and meditation, upgrading to appreciation of beauty, form and balance, before reaching the urge for self-fulfilment, of whatever that mean…
If you were offered a hot loaf of bread, would you smile at the gesture? I am confident if this bread (hot, cold, dry, or moulted…) is extended to a famished kid in Somalia, and the billion kids and adults living on less than one dollar a day, they will display a broad smile, and laugh their heart out for this opportunity to surviving the day…
If you are not in such a dire need for your daily intake of bread, corn flakes, rice… would you smile for a hot loaf, bowl of soup…?
How many kids recall eating, drinking, pissing, shitting, feeling that cold…? They don’t recall these basic needs. Why? They felt “secure” that the family, extended family, and restricted community will cover these basic needs. The kids in a secured environment can recall how secured they felt that their basic wants and needs will be satisfied.
Even if you are in a boarding school and rarely see you parents, you still don’t recall eating, drinking… The institution was meant to satisfying the basic needs, but you may recall the instances you felt insecure and scared.
An orphan not cared for, kids displaced from their known communities, forcefully detached from their families…do recall these rare occasions when they were offered a hot loaf of bread, a candy, a bar of chocolate…and do recall the face of the benevolent “intruder” into their harsh life…
If you were offered a hot loaf of bread, would you smile at the gesture? Maybe not. If you were lost, you certainly will smile to a friendly face you come to cross. If you were freezing outside, you will smile to someone who offers you a warm and clean bed. If you had no bath for weeks, you will smile to the opportunity of dipping in a jacuzzi, having your cloth washed and dried…
First come security for survival: mainly, finding the group, the community ready to shelter your “insecurities” and all the other needs follows…
How can you acquire any self-confidence if the basic need for security is lacking? Anyone who claims: “I made it all by myself, all by my self-effort and determination…” is a veteran liar. Without your community, there is no chance you could have survived your first days, year first month, your first year…
What is this “self-fulfilment”? If you managed to accumulated enough money for your retirement period and can afford not to cater for your daily chores, because billion people are still slaving to maintain your comfort zone, what kinds of activities do you think may fulfil your various satisfaction? Would you be able to survive a day without thinking of the multitude aching and laboring for your”self-fulfilment”?
Don’t you feel that tackling your daily chores like sweeping your home, doing your dishes, washing your cloths..,.when you can afford to pay someone else, are opportunities to enjoying what you were forced to do before ”self-fulfilment”? Doing what the free starts doing when slaves should be doing…
Do you believe that you are unable to appreciate beauty, forms…until all the other lower necessities are satisfied? Do you think mankind survive sequentially or because he can process many needs and wants in many parallel ways, and negotiate his survival at every single moment…?
I have two basic beefs with this kind of structure:
First, “rational” systems that are not fully substantiated are far more dangerous in consequences than systems based on hunches…
Second, this pyramid is not standing right and is wrong…
For example, Freedom is an abstract concept, until your phrase it into “How many choices are you willing to handle, and reflect upon the every aspect of daily living chores and future aspiration and passions…” For example, if your passion is for a particular school teaching system, and the State government intentionally impose severe hurdles into instituting your teaching method, would you feel your freedom has been abridged? If the State facilitate the practice of your passion in your particular school system, would you demonstrate with others who have other passions that the same political system prohibit?
Note 1: Paul W. King was born in India to British parents and is studying at the University of Alberta (Canada). Paul is a professional photographer and a speaker and coaches in giving talks and presentations.