Archive for November 2013
How Justice was served? Massacres of 1860 in Lebanon and Syria (Part 4)
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 30, 2013
How Justice was done? Massacres of 1860 in Lebanon and Syria (Part 4)
How Justice was done in Damascus?
You may read Part 3: https://adonis49.wordpress.com/2013/11/23/massacres-of-1860-in-syria-and-damascus-memoirs-of-a-french-diplomat-of-the-genocide-part-3/
Fuad Pasha, the Ottoman foreign affairs, was dispatched to head the team and the military contingent of 4,500 troops in order to restore order and security in Lebanon and Syria. He landed in Beirut on July 17, 1860 and detained the governors Ahmed and Khorshid Pasha, the officers of the garrisons in Rashaya, Hasbaya, Deir Kamar, Mekse, and the right hand of Khorshid, Vasfi Effendi, during the Beirut uprising where an innocent Christian was decapitated to appease the turmoil after the death of a Moslem.
He resumed his travel to Damascus, where the fresh massacre alerted the European nations on the fate of the Christians in the Near East.
Fuad Pasha showed zeal and unusual activities to convince the Europeans that it was not necessary of sending troops and meddling in the Ottoman affairs. He rounded up 800 from Damascus, restituted the loots and stopped two large caravans loaded with the loots to Baghdad and Aleppo.
On August 20, 1860, Fuad Pasha hanged 57 and executed by firing squads 110 officers and soldiers, particularly those who participated in the massacres in Hasbaya and Rashaya in Lebanon. More than 700 were sent to exile and forced labor.
Most importantly, the former governor Ahmet Pasha, Ali Bey and the commanders of the garrisons were executed. It was rumored that Ahmet Pasha, who had twice warned the Ottoman government of potential crisis in Syria, was quickly executed in order not to clarify the role of the Ottoman government in the planning of these massacres against the Christians.
(Parallel governments were at play in that period in Turkey?)
Ahmed Pasha had lived in Vienna and mastered several languages. It appears that he lacked the troops that he could rely on and the Majlis warned him that any intervention might turn the “insurgents” against the Ottoman troops.
The police chief Ali Ferhad Aga and 300 police sergeants were arrested.
Halim Pasha erased the town of Jeroud and brought to trial all its adult male inhabitants.
As Fuad pasha was speedily and actively restitution order and security, Europe got the fresh news of the massacres in Damascus. Napoleon III and Russia, pressured by public outcries, decided to dispatch a military expedition, though England was very reluctant of giving the French this opportunity to return to Near East.
The French general marquis Beaufort Hautpoul led an expedition of 4,500 troop. Beaufort had previously participated along side the French officer Seves (Sleiman Pasha) in the many victorious battles of Ibrahim Pasha.
How Justice was done in Lebanon?
After a lengthy delay, Fuad Pasha returned to Beirut from Damascus, after he established order and hanged scores of the perpetrators of the massacre, in order to meet with the European commissions. Fuad Pasha summoned 37 of the Druze leaders to Beirut to stand trial. Only 6 showed up. And he followed this order by destitution 37 feudal Druze lords (Mukata3tejis) from their privileges and properties
The Maronite clergy handed Fuad the list of 970 Druze that he requested and whom the Maronites claimed to have participated in the massacre.
Fuad Pasha reluctantly rounded up these 970 Druze and set up a military court in Mukhtara, just to render justice away from the intervention of the commissions staying in Beirut.
The verdicts were:
1. The Turkish former governor Khorshid Pasha, Tahir Pasha, Nourin Bey, Vasfi and Ahmet Effendi were to serve life confinement in fortresses in Cyprus and Rhodes
2. Twelve Druze sheikhs, including their leader Said Jumblat and Hussein Talhouk were condemned to death…
3. Over 33 fugitive Druze, including Hattar Amad and Ismail Atrash were condemned to death in absentia.
No public execution took place and the condemned people were exiled or sent to force labor.
Justice in Lebanon was a slap on the hands, thanks to the firm intervention of the British who didn’t want to alienate the Druze of Lebanon. And Fuad Pasha contemplated to be designated as the Vassal of the Ottoman Empire in Syria and Palestine.
Note 1: The British commissioner Lord Dufferin suggested that Syria (including current Lebanon) and Palestine be governed by a vassal to the Ottoman Empire, as was done in Egypt, and Fuad Pasha was the consensus name to be the new ruler.
This idea failed. Finally, a few weeks before the date of the retreat of the French expedition on June 5, 1861, the European commission met in Istanbul and decided to have Mount Lebanon governed by a outsider Christian, appointed by the Sultan. This was to be known as the Mutasarefiya consensus.
The first Moutasaref was the Armenian Christian Daoud Pasha and who was promoted to Mushir or Marechal, the first highest rank bestowed on a Christian in the Ottoman army.
8 Years After Committing Suicide: Man Found hanging by a bedsheet In His Apartment…
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 30, 2013
8 Years After Committing Suicide: Man Found Dead In His Apartment
Posted on Weird News this Oct. 23, 2013 “Man Found Dead In His Apartment 8 Years After Apparent Suicide”
A man who recently purchased an apartment in France experienced quite the shock when he opened the door of his new abode and found the previous tenant’s body inside. (The Realtor never visited the property? And who showed the property before the purchase?)
According to Le Parisien, a man was recently found dead in a Bussy-Saint-Georges flat, 8 years after an apparent suicide.
On Wednesday, police identified the body as Thomas Ngin, a Cambodian man who worked as a security guard before his death in 2005.
Ngin, who would have turned 50 this year, is believed to have hanged himself after he was let go from his job.
Since Ngin had previously cut ties with this family, there was no one to report him missing, Radio France Internationale reports.
His mummified corpse was not discovered until last Friday, when a locksmith and the new owner of the apartment entered the property, according to local reports. Ngin was found hanging by a bed sheet behind the front door.
While it may seem outlandish that Ngin’s corpse was undisturbed for eight years, as France’s The Local notes, there have been several recent reports of bodies being found months or years later.
In Ngin’s case, though bills and letters piled up throughout the years, it appears no one attempted to enter the apartment.
As Le Parisien reports, neighbors knocked on his door and emptied out his mailbox at times but assumed he had left the country.
Receiving no response from the tenant, the resident’s association ultimately decided to sell the property.
But with debts mounting against Ngin, it was instead seized by his bank and sold at auction earlier this month. It wasn’t until days later, when the new owner came to clean out the apartment, that the gruesome discovery was made.
“This is the tragedy of the greater Paris area,” a source familiar with the case told the Agence France-Presse, “that capacity of being isolated in the middle of the crowd.”
Need help? In the U.S., call 1-800-273-8255 for the National Suicide Prevention Lifeline.
Where Kids Sleep around the world?
Pinar posted this Nov. 26, 2013
Portraits of Children Around the World and Where They Sleep
Alex, 9, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
Where Children Sleep is an eye-opening project by photographer James Mollison that takes a look at children from all across the globe and the diverse environments they go to sleep in.
The series presents a portrait of each child or adolescent accompanied by a shot of their bedrooms. While some have a bounty of possessions and a lavish bed to rest their head on at night, the images reveal that some are not as fortunate.
Mollison gives an intimate perspective of these children, offering some sense of their lifestyle through their personal bedroom.
At times, it can be difficult to even refer to the space they sleep in as a bedroom as there is no actual bed. In the case of Bilal, a 6-year-old Bedouin shepherd boy, the young boy is left to sleep “outdoors with his father’s herd of goats.”
Alternatively, 4-year-old Kaya in Tokyo is adorned in frilly dresses that her mother spends $1,000 on every month, which is reflected in the abundance of toys and luxury items that fill her room.
The series is currently available as a photo essay and fine art book that offers a variety of lifestyles, as seen through the portraits of children and their bedrooms.
Anonymous, 9, Ivory Coast
Indira, 7, Kathmandu, Nepal
Dong, 9, Yunnan, China
Ahkohxet, 8, Amazonia, Brazil
Alyssa, 8, Harlan County, USA
Li, 10, Beijing, China
Bilal, 6, Wadi Abu Hindi, The West Bank
Joey, 11, Kentucky, USA
Kaya, 4, Tokyo, Japan
Jaime, 9, New York, USA
Ryuta 10, Tokyo, Japan
Nantio, 15, Lisamis, Northern Kenya
Kana,16, Tokyo, Japan
Teens attack people just for fun: The ‘Knockout game’ video
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 29, 2013
Teens attack people just for fun: The ‘Knockout game’
Pennsylvania schoolteacher Jim Addlespurger was walking home, when a group of teenagers knocked him out in broad daylight with no warning at all. He dropped face-down to the curb.
It’s called the “knockout game”: teenagers knocking people out for the fun of it. They even target women and children.
Cases are piling up, and police are on high alert.
‘Knockout game’: Teens attack innocent people just for fun
Addlespurger said “I was hit with one punch that knocked me to the cold concrete. It’s a horrific thing to see, and I’m fortunate that I’m alive here to tell you about it.” He has since recovered from the attack, which was caught on video.
Police fear the knockout game has been spreading, with cases from San Diego to St. Louis and Chicago.
In Syracuse, N.Y., two men were killed in a possible knockout case. In New York City, police are investigating at least 7 attacks.
One knockout game video shows a woman walking down the street when a stranger runs up and clocks her from behind — a sucker punch so brutal, the victim lies on the sidewalk, unable to move.
In New Jersey, it appears suspects filmed their own attack, laughing and bragging about it.

Former FBI profiler Clint Van Zandt said “It appears these are just random acts of violence. There’s no robbery, there’s no rhyme or reason; it’s just simply youths making a decision they’re going to punch somebody out — sometimes as simple as $5 bet between themselves.”
Seventeen-year-old Marvel Weaver admits he played a version of the knockout game using a stun gun. He was caught and is now in jail.
Weaver told TODAY: “It was a lesson learned. Someone throws it out there: ‘Want to play this?’ And people go along with it and one thing leads to another, and it just goes all downhill.”
“These kids are acting, maybe not thinking and not knowing the consequence of what could happen,” said knockout game victim Jim Addlespurger.
In New York City, a man arrested for playing the knockout game has been charged with a hate crime.
As these videos end up on YouTube, officials are worried about copycat attacks in cities nationwide.
Brigitte Bardot. And Having Hard time remembering the previous wonderful documentary…
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 29, 2013
Hard time remembering the previous wonderful documentary…
For the second time, I find myself spending a lot of time recollecting what was the previous movie/documentary that had grabbed my attention, and this in the same sitting period.
It is 2 am and I’m still not sleepy, but I have to get in bed since mother has this habit of trying her hardest to wake me up if I linger beyond 8 am. On the ground that the day is over by this time.
I finished watching a mesmerizing movie and I have this lingering embarrassment for not remembering the immediate previous movie or documentary that I loved watching.
And I have to remember it:
1. I loved it and I want to think about it
2. I don’t want Alzheimer to catch me by surprise
3. I have to train my failing memory, particularly the current events. Thus, keeping a diary is a must for a youthful brain…
The last movie is about a thirty-somthing astro-physicist who suffered an aneurism (a neck artery that feed the brain going bust). The man Gus (short for Gustave) survived but his “current memory” has been shattered: Every day is a new day for him to recognize people he met the previous day.
I know someone named Ghassan and he likes to go as Gus (technically, it should be GAS, but this bad smelly connotation wouldn’t do). How many names that start with GUS do you know?
Gus can remember the older part of his life, up to the ailment.
Sleep erases all the people he met and event he attended during the previous day, and he is living a day-to-day process. His sister is organizing his day by providing him with the necessary tools to start his day: a daily folder to read, a voice recognition device that has a voice recording capability for saving conversations (pen-like shaped), post-it small papers all over the apartment…
Obviously, Gus falls in love and this love is shared, otherwise the movie would turn a medical documentary.
Interesting movie. I think I have seen a similar movie, and this time around the deficient current memory is of a beautiful girl (Barrymore with Sanders in a Hawaii setting).
Now, I have watched a wonderful documentary prior to this movie, and I can’t recall what it was about.
And it was about Brigitte Bardot (about 78 of age now), this famous French actress that showed her nudity in almost every film, and has been living the life of a recluse since 1980 after she retired at the peak of her glamorous life, surrounded by a bunch of animals of all kinds, sort of a private zoo.
This wonderful documentary is a biography of Brigitte since childhood and relies also on Bardot autobiography. I had this opportunity to see portions of Bardot’s movies and videos of all her relationships with her ex-lovers and husbands.
Bardot loved dancing ballet and acting was not her vocation. Somehow, friends of her mother got her photos in a Woman magazine and one of the issues displayed Brigitte on the cover.
Brigitte suffered from this feeling that her mother ignored her in favor of her second sister and did her best to attract her mother attention. Her father never ceased taking videos of Brigitte on all occasions and since she was a toddler.
Her first love affair was with the French movie director Roger Vadim at the age of 15. Her family refused that she marries him until she is 18.
Bardot fell in love with her co-actor Jean Louis Trentignant in “And God created the woman” and spent the best 10 days on Christmas 1958 in a shack. This is the same Trentignant who played the old music composer in “Amour”, taking care of his bedridden old wife.
She married a second time with (Jacques Charrier?) while on tour in London, and had a son from him. She adamantly refused to take care of her son, though she posed in front of the camera holding her 6-month old son, and her husband wearing dark glasses to hide his tears.
She fell in love with another co-actor Sami Frey where Brigitte has the role of facing a jury in the trial for crime committed. It is related that Frey wooed Brigitte by telling her that his mother ordered him to hide under the bed until she returns, and his Jewish parents were taken to prison while he was hiding…
The chain-smoker Serge Ginsburg fell in love with Brigitte and composed for her two songs about “Harley Davidson” and “Bonnie and Clyde”
She acted with Michel Piccoli in The Despising (Le Mepris) and excelled in her first serious character. In this movie, the term “Do you love my ass?” was coined.
She acted with the most famous French actors, including Jean Gabin who had said: “Isn’t this girl who strolls naked in movies?”. Gabin ended up appreciating Brigitte, acting with her. Still, Brigitte’s role was to walk naked in Gabin’s movie.
One of the memorable scene is Brigitte nude in bed, lying on her stomach, her ass covered but dancing and wiggling on the rhythm of a song.
Brigitte marries a third time with Gunter Sacks in Las Vegas while on tour to New York, but the marriage didn’t last. It was reported that Gunter married her on a bet.
Bardot is one of the staunchest friend for treating animals humanly and contribute lavishly for organizations and associations that care for animals.
And for the second time, I managed to recall the previous interesting movie/documentary. So far so good.
I guess that I should restart my previous habit of writing my diaries before I go to bed, for emergency sake, like people losing their current memories.
Filthy Rich: Less than 9,000 Lebanese, out of 4 million, own 50% of the total wealth?
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 29, 2013
At least 48 percent of Lebanon’s privately-held wealth is concentrated in the hands of some 8,900 citizens — just 0.3 percent of the adult population — according to calculations based on a new report.
The nation’s staggering wealth inequality is detailed in Credit Suisse’s Global Wealth Databook 2013, released last week.
The distorted wealth figures help to push the country’s Gini coefficient, a measure of inequality, to 86.3 percent — the fourth highest globally behind Russia, Ukraine and Kazakhstan (see chart, below left).*
While Credit Suisse did not directly publish how much wealth is in Lebanese millionaires’ hands, Executive was able to estimate a lower bound based on the report and Forbes magazine’s list of billionaires.
Lebanese worth more than $1 million own at least 48 percent of the country’s wealth (see chart above).
This figure, however, is a minimum estimate. It also implies that the rest of the country owns less than 52 percent of private wealth, valued at some $91 billion.
The richest Lebanese are six billionaires, all from the Mikati and Hariri families.
According to Forbes, their combined worth is $14 billion — some 15% of all private wealth.
The concentration of cash in a few hands skews other figures as well.
According to the report, a Lebanese adult’s wealth averages $30,868. However, the median wealth is just $6,076 — meaning, counter intuitively, that half of Lebanese adults own less than a fifth the average wealth.
(In Beirut, renting any small apartment is up to $1,ooo per month)
Furthermore, a full two-thirds own less than $10,000, while most of the rest (almost 30%) are worth less than $100,000.
Unfortunately, while these figures provide a rough guide to the nation’s wealth distribution, the numbers cannot be trusted completely.
Credit Suisse rates the quality of Lebanon’s data as “poor”, as all other kinds of data: Transparency is terribly lacking, at least for the Lebanese common citizens.
Source: Credit Suisse, Forbes, Executive calculations
Hot posts this week (Nov. 14/2013)
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 28, 2013
Hot posts this week (Nov. 14/2013)
- Pearls of wisdom: And Arabic wisdom to boot it…
- Big Society, Big Citizens, Citizen centric approach…
- What Makes the Beauty of a Butterfly? Organized Chaos?
- Famine Hecatomb in Lebanon (1915-18)
- “Syria’s revolution is already lost”? Confessions of a prominent Syrian Activist…
- Heaven: Earth exempt of Religion…
- Robbing supermarkets: An excuse to filling Robin Hood’s shoes? Communist style?
- Pass me the Flute and sing. Singing is the eternal mystery of existence… Jubran Khalil Jubran
- Slaughterhood of 1860 in Lebanon. Part 2
- Demolishing Iconic public Stairs: Mar Mikhael stairs in Ashrafiyeh (Lebanon)
What can you stack on the head of your dog?… Anything you want
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 28, 2013
He has the most self control of any dog in the world.
On top of that, he has a talented head.
So his owner started a Tumblr blog to document his unique ability.
After each photoshoot, Scout is rewarded with a tasty treat.
“I’ll do whatever it takes to get some chewy bones around here” – said Scout.
Sometimes the objects are big…
Sometimes they’re small…
Sometimes they’re almost too delicious for Scout too resist…
And sometimes they’re just bizarre.
Even though he always has a grumpy look on his face
His owner promises that he always looks forward to picture time.
The cats, on the other hand, are less enthused. Here’s Scout with their food bowl.
Enjoy!
Share this with everyone who is a “dog person!”
I don’t think: I suspect
Posted by: adonis49 on: November 28, 2013
I don’t think: I suspect
I don’t reflect: I am Haunted
Adult have no idea how they managed to learn anything in childhood. And yet, they barely apply the best ways to learn and understand, the ways kids learn.
Fiction or the real false stories and events precedes our comprehension of reality: Fiction stories allow us to access reality.
Even the literary genres labelled “real stories” or autobiography are mostly fiction and the protagonists must have said: “What? In my wildest imagination I never contemplated that this will happen to me...”
Sleep dreams might have the job of “recomputing” the default values in your world vision.
Reading different literary genres preempt you to understand reality, and accept that you are a potential “Statistics”, a term that drives people to the wall and make them furious “What? I am not that special?”
But it is writing, drawing, painting, composing, playing musical instruments… that restructure and fine-tune your world view. Acts that don’t involve the fingers to record the acts are not registered properly in the brain archives.
Children doodle and draw before they they learn to write.
They listen to stories, memorize stories and write characters before they learn to read. The world vision of children is etched in graphics and colors before content in books are appreciated.
What we assimilated in artistic vision reflects the way we see nature. The more artistic our mind is developed the more structured and complex our vision of nature are. Otherwise, nature and the environment are a bundle of colors and shapes left for the subconscious to navigate us through.
Art is never imitating nature: The artist is representing what he is looking at inside his world vision.
The mind first “see” before the eyes register what the mind has seen.
We see how our accumulated world view see the world, nature and reality And yet, we have no idea what is our world view. We might fathom what we “see” through observing and analyzing our actions and behaviors.
The content in articles, of political and scientific nature, is essential to get engaged with eyes wide open, assuming that the context has been clearly developed. Without context, articles can be classified as “general”, regardless of how much you develop on the opinion and fake to provide details.
An opinion not backed by the context, even personal experience, is not worth publishing.
An opinion devoid of context smack of ignorance and the regurgitation of what the “common literature” is disseminated.
In all other topics, it is the form of the written style that grabs me most. A single sentence can open up deeply hidden emotions that an entire volume will fail to do.
After all, everything has been said, if we can read in many languages (old and new) and read enough to last several life times.
I find myself furiously editing repost of articles so that the form matches my own style. I even edit “quotations” to suit my writing style. Why?
Eventually, I might have to re-read what I have posted, and I want to enjoy what I’m reading.
For example, I loath the journalistic style of splitting a quotation in order to insert “He said”, “sic”,”the author resumed”… The sentence should flow smoothly to convey the emotion of the quoted person. Any insertion is a rational gimmick to preserve a semblance of objectivity, authenticity, neutrality…
I have no qualm in editing what the other have published, and the heck of what they say, and how their frustrated ego is mishandled… as long as the reader can access the original text and can do his due diligence…
Very often I read “I don’t know”, “I’m not sure”… and I wonder: these expressions are excellent in verbal conversations, but they don’t fit in the written text. Make sure you know before addressing your reader, otherwise, keep your opinions in your notebook until they germinate into a viable position…
Send me a valid post within context in the preamble or in an after-note, and I’ll repost it: The audience of readers is varied and with multiple interests
The Iranian nuclear deal is done. Here’s what it says. Full text.
CNN reported: “A historic deal was struck early Sunday between Iran and 6 world powers over Tehran’s nuclear program that slows the country’s nuclear development program in exchange for lifting some sanctions while a more formal agreement is worked out.
U.S. President Barack Obama said in a nationally televised address: “The agreement — described as an ‘initial, six-month’ deal — includes ‘substantial limitations that will help prevent Iran from creating a nuclear weapon”
The deal, which capped days of marathon talks, addresses Iran’s ability to enrich uranium, what to do about its existing enriched uranium stockpiles, the number and potential of its centrifuges and Tehran’s ‘ability to produce weapons-grade plutonium using the Arak reactor,’ according to a statement released by the White House.”
Joel C. Rosenberg posted on his this November 26, 2013
The Iranian nuclear deal is done. Here’s what it says. Full text.
Joint Plan of Action
Preamble
The goal for these negotiations is to reach a mutually-agreed long-term comprehensive solution that would ensure Iranˈs nuclear program will be exclusively peaceful.
Iran reaffirms that under no circumstances will Iran ever seek or develop any nuclear weapons. This comprehensive solution would build on these initial measures and result in a final step for a period to be agreed upon and the resolution of concerns.
This comprehensive solution would enable Iran to fully enjoy its right to nuclear energy for peaceful purposes under the relevant articles of the NPT in conformity with its obligations therein.
This comprehensive solution would involve a mutually defined enrichment program with practical limits and transparency measures to ensure the peaceful nature of the program.
This comprehensive solution would constitute an integrated whole where nothing is agreed until everything is agreed. This comprehensive solution would involve a reciprocal, step-by step process, and would produce the comprehensive lifting of all UN Security Council sanctions, as well as multilateral and national sanctions related to Iranˈs nuclear program.
There would be additional steps in between the initial measures and the final step, including, among other things, addressing the UN Security Council resolutions, with a view toward bringing to a satisfactory conclusion the UN Security Councilˈs consideration of this matter.
The E3+3 and Iran will be responsible for conclusion and implementation of mutual near-term measures and the comprehensive solution in good faith.
A Joint Commission of E3/EU+3 and Iran will be established to monitor the implementation of the near-term measures and address issues that may arise, with the IAEA responsible for verification of nuclear-related measures.
The Joint Commission will work with the IAEA to facilitate resolution of past and present issues of concern.
Elements of a first step
The first step would be time-bound, with a duration of 6 months, and renewable by mutual consent, during which all parties will work to maintain a constructive atmosphere for negotiations in good faith.
Iran would undertake the following voluntary measures:
* From the existing uranium enriched to 20%, retain half as working stock of 20% oxide for fabrication of fuel for the TRR. Dilute the remaining 20% UF6 to no more than 5%. No reconversion line.
* Iran announces that it will not enrich uranium over 5% for the duration of the 6 months.
* Iran announces that it will not make any further advances of its activities at the Natanz Fuel Enrichment Plant (1), Fordow (2), or the Arak reactor (3), designated by the IAEA as IR-40.
* Beginning when the line for conversion of UF6 enriched up to 5% to UO2 is ready, Iran has decided to convert to oxide UF6 newly enriched up to 5% during the 6 month period, as provided in the operational schedule of the conversion plant declared to the IAEA.
* No new locations for the enrichment.
* Iran will continue its safeguarded R&D practices, including its current enrichment R&D practices, which are not designed for accumulation of the enriched uranium.
* No reprocessing or construction of a facility capable of reprocessing.
* Enhanced monitoring:
– Provision of specified information to the IAEA, including information on Iranˈs plans for nuclear facilities, a description of each building on each nuclear site, a description of the scale of operations for each location engaged in specified nuclear activities, information on uranium mines and mills, and information on source material. This information would be provided within three months of the adoption of these measures.
– Submission of an updated DIQ for the reactor at Arak, designated by the IAEA as the IR-40, to the IAEA.
– Steps to agree with the IAEA on conclusion of the Safeguards Approach for the reactor at Arak, designated by the IAEA as the IR-40.
– Daily IAEA inspector access when inspectors are not present for the purpose of Design Information Verification, Interim Inventory Verification, Physical Inventory Verification, and unannounced inspections, for the purpose of access to offline surveillance records, at Fordow and Natanz.
– IAEA inspector managed access to:
. centrifuge assembly workshops4;
. centrifuge rotor production workshops and storage facilities; and,
. uranium mines and mills.
In return, the E3/EU+3 would undertake the following voluntary measures:
– Pause efforts to further reduce Iranˈs crude oil sales, enabling Iranˈs current customers to purchase their current average amounts of crude oil. Enable the repatriation of an agreed amount of revenue held abroad. For such oil sales, suspend the EU and U.S. sanctions on associated insurance and transportation services.
– Suspend U.S. and EU sanctions on:
. Iranˈs petrochemical exports, as well as sanctions on associated services. (5)
. Gold and precious metals, as well as sanctions on associated services.
• Suspend U.S. sanctions on Iranˈs auto industry, as well as sanctions on associated services.
• License the supply and installation in Iran of spare parts for safety of flight for Iranian civil aviation and associated services. License safety related inspections and repairs in Iran as well as associated services. (6)
• No new nuclear-related UN Security Council sanctions.
• No new EU nuclear-related sanctions.
• The U.S. Administration, acting consistent with the respective roles of the President and the Congress, will refrain from imposing new nuclear-related sanctions.
• Establish a financial channel to facilitate humanitarian trade for Iranˈs domestic needs using Iranian oil revenues held abroad. Humanitarian trade would be defined as transactions involving food and agricultural products, medicine, medical devices, and medical expenses incurred abroad. This channel would involve specified foreign banks and non-designated Iranian banks to be defined when establishing the channel.
* This channel could also enable:
a- transactions required to pay Iranˈs UN obligations; and,
b- direct tuition payments to universities and colleges for Iranian students studying abroad, up to an agreed amount for the six month period.
• Increase the EU authorisation thresholds for transactions for non-sanctioned trade to an agreed amount.
Elements of the final step of a comprehensive solution*
The final step of a comprehensive solution, which the parties aim to conclude negotiating and commence implementing no more than one year after the adoption of this document, would:
• Have a specified long-term duration to be agreed upon.
• Reflect the rights and obligations of parties to the NPT and IAEA Safeguards Agreements.
• Comprehensively lift UN Security Council, multilateral and national nuclear-related sanctions, including steps on access in areas of trade, technology, finance, and energy, on a schedule to be agreed upon.
• Involve a mutually defined enrichment program with mutually agreed parameters consistent with practical needs, with agreed limits on scope and level of enrichment activities, capacity, where it is carried out, and stocks of enriched uranium, for a period to be agreed upon.
• Fully resolve concerns related to the reactor at Arak, designated by the IAEA as the IR-40. No reprocessing or construction of a facility capable of reprocessing.
• Fully implement the agreed transparency measures and enhanced monitoring. Ratify and implement the Additional Protocol, consistent with the respective roles of the President and the Majlis (Iranian parliament).
• Include international civil nuclear cooperation, including among others, on acquiring modern light water power and research reactors and associated equipment, and the supply of modern nuclear fuel as well as agreed R&D practices.
Following successful implementation of the final step of the comprehensive solution for its full duration, the Iranian nuclear program will be treated in the same manner as that of any non-nuclear weapon state party to the NPT.
—————————————————————————————
(Footnotes)
(1) Namely, during the 6 months, Iran will not feed UF6 into the centrifuges installed but not enriching uranium. Not install additional centrifuges. Iran announces that during the first 6 months, it will replace existing centrifuges with centrifuges of the same type.
(2) At Fordow, no further enrichment over 5% at 4 cascades now enriching uranium, and not increase enrichment capacity. Not feed UF6 into the other 12 cascades, which would remain in a non-operative state. No interconnections between cascades. Iran announces that during the first 6 months, it will replace existing centrifuges with centrifuges of the same type.
(3) Iran announces on concerns related to the construction of the reactor at Arak that for 6 months it will not commission the reactor or transfer fuel or heavy water to the reactor site and will not test additional fuel or produce more fuel for the reactor or install remaining components.
(4) Consistent with its plans, Iranˈs centrifuge production during the 6 months will be dedicated to replace damaged machines.
(5) ˈSanctions on associated servicesˈ means any service, such as insurance, transportation, or financial, subject to the underlying U.S. or EU sanctions applicable, insofar as each service is related to the underlying sanction and required to facilitate the desired transactions. These services could involve any non-designated Iranian entities.
(6) Sanctions relief could involve any non-designated Iranian airlines as well as Iran Air.
* With respect to the final step and any steps in between, the standard principle that ˈnothing is agreed until everything is agreedˈ applies.ˈ