Adonis Diaries

Archive for January 25th, 2017

Notes and comments on FB and Twitter. Part 16

Our childhood space is a deserted heaven, a temple where our tiny angels and early heroes hover inside. And we love to walk these haunted lands and keep returning to our child model of the world. The worst of existence, the homeless in the heart, is when you cannot claim a single childhood space, didn’t roam enough in a special place

Point d’articulation en prononcant les consonnes: Aerienne (a), Labiale (b), palatale (dental t), alveolaire (interdentale th), cacuminale (j), guttural kh), Linguale (pestdentale r), laterale (dha), uvulaire (kaaf)

It is no longer a matter of Angry While Males in the USA. It is a total lack of confidence in this political system and opaque public institutions. Institutions controlled and run by deep pockets, from health care, education, judicial system and uncontrolled military budget that has turned a deep sink in appropriation and No accountability.

Hillary was the last shot to salvage the US political image compared to Europe in social equitability.

Not sure how Trump is going to convince the people that he means to change the political system in the US and how he is to begin with in the first 100 days. Hopefully he is Not to deal with the immigrants at this stage and tackle the institutions and policies that are the main sources for the US astronomical deficit.

I get bored reading the myths in the “Holy Books“. Would prefer hearing the stories from the sources: Those funny story tellers, with great humor and a wink in their eyes

Hippolyte married Aricie: he passionately loved Phedre. If Phedre admitted that this passion was reciprocated, she would have relaxed and led a happier life.

The US lost an expert and hard working leader and politicians to put her stamp on a reformed rotten political system: She should have told the citizens that she heard their anger at the opaque public institutions and had plans, with her reformist teams, to simplify and render the institutions transparent. The US lost a golden opportunity for any significant reflected reforms.

Someone has to remind Turkey Erdogan that spreading ancient influences by military means is typical of short-term illusions

Erdogan wants to refurbish his ancient illusions, giving wings for the Ottoman empire dreams of still having some influence in the Balkan, the Caucasus, Iraq and Syria

A leader must focus on the 3 essentials: 1. Significantly Reduce violence (physical and in free expressions) 2. Significantly Increase health (physical and mental) 3. Significantly increase the odds for reflective and critical thinking

If you want fair democratic election process then focus on well-being of rural people and simplify and reduce transactions in public institutions 

Many nations forced additional taxes on single males. Reproduction was well below expectations: the youth immigrated and the divorces increased with increased loose behaviour in life-style

I see green. Blue looks green in dim light.

It’s a trend: Those who can read, Don’t like to read. Keep re-editing for those who voted Trump

At the end of the day, people sit in front of TV: Contents must be toward more to knowledge than tacit judgement.

I love you too much, My darling I love you, 2albi elek 3etesh, Il faut que tu l’avoue. wa enn eja 7ada 5ayri, ililo Etech, wa a7ro2 deen abouh, Oumi ta na3mel Match, al3aab 5aramiyya

What if it is the country that killed him? One of them collateral martyrs, who was convinced that Being Non political guaranteed safety?

It is easy to live in a community without bridges to the other side. Once a bridge links communities, it is hard to reconcile differences in cultures

There was a time when people wanted to emulate any demi-God. Any of them worthy gods left?

What will you tell your daughters about 2016

Tell your daughters of this year, how we woke needing coffee but discovered instead cadavers strewn about our morning papers, waterlogged facsimiles of our sisters, spouses, small children.

Say to your baby of this year when she asks, as she certainly should, tell her it was too late coming.

Admit even in the year we leased freedom, we didn’t own it outright.

There were still laws for every way we used our privates while they pawed at the soft folds of us, grabbed with no concern for consent, no laws made for the men that enforced them.

We were trained to dodge, to wait, to cower and cover, to wait more, still, wait. We were told to be silent.

0:56 But speak to your girls of this wartime, a year preceded by a score of the same, so as in two decades before, we wiped our eyes, laced caskets with flags, evacuated the crime scene of the club, caterwauled in the street, laid our bodies on the concrete against the outlines of our fallen, cried, “Of course we mattered,” chanted for our disappeared. The women wept this year. They did.

 In the same year, we were ready. The year we lost our inhibition and moved with courageous abandon was also the year we stared down barrels, sang of cranes in skies, ducked and parried, caught gold in hijab, collected death threats, knew ourselves as patriots, said, “We’re 35 now, time we settled down and found a running mate,” made road maps for infant joy, shamed nothing but fear, called ourselves fat and meant, of course, impeccable.

This year, we were women, not brides or trinkets, not an off-brand gender, not a concession, but women.

Instruct your babies. Remind them that the year has passed to be docile or small.

Some of us said for the first time that we were women, took this oath of solidarity seriously.

Some of us bore children and some of us did not, and none of us questioned whether that made us real or appropriate or true.

When she asks you of this year, your daughter, whether your offspring or heir to your triumph, from her comforted side of history teetering towards woman, she will wonder and ask voraciously, though she cannot fathom your sacrifice, she will hold your estimation of it holy, curiously probing, “Where were you? Did you fight? Were you fearful or fearsome?

What colored the walls of your regret? What did you do for women in the year it was time?

This path you made for me, which bones had to break? Did you do enough, and are you OK, momma?

And are you a hero?” She will ask the difficult questions.

She will not care about the arc of your brow, the weight of your clutch. She will not ask of your mentions.

Your daughter, for whom you have already carried so much, wants to know what you brought, what gift, what light did you keep from extinction?

When they came for victims in the night, did you sleep through it or were you roused?

What was the cost of staying woke? What, in the year we said time’s up, what did you do with your privilege?

Did you sup on others’ squalor? Did you look away or directly into the flame?

Did you know your skill or treat it like a liability?

Were you fooled by the epithets of “nasty” or “less than”? Did you teach with an open heart or a clenched fist? Where were you?

3:17 Tell her the truth. Make it your life. Confirm it. Say, “Daughter, I stood there with the moment drawn on my face like a dagger, and flung it back at itself, slicing space for you.”

Tell her the truth, how you lived in spite of crooked odds.

Tell her you were brave, and always in the company of courage, mostly the days when you just had yourself.

Tell her she was born as you were, as your mothers before, and the sisters beside them, in the age of legends, like always.

3:42 Tell her she was born just in time, just in time to lead.

Patsy Z and TEDxSKE shared a link.

Student debt has skyrocketed over the past decade, quadrupling from just $240 billion in 2003 to more than $1 trillion today.1If current borrowing patterns continue, student debt levels will reach $2 trillion in 2025.2

Average debt levels have risen rapidly as well: 66% of college seniors now graduate with an average of $26,600 in student loans,3 up from 41% in 1989.4

The rise of this “debt-for-diploma” system over the past decade was largely caused by the sharp decline in state funding for higher education, which has fallen by 25 percent since its peak in 2000.5

However, despite the fact that student debt is now nearly a prerequisite for a college degree, we have not yet fully explored the impact of tying opportunity to debt.Though a college education remains the surest path to a middle-class life, evidence has begun to mount that student debt may be far more detrimental to financial futures than once thought, particularly for those with the highest levels of debt: students of color and students from low-income families.

This brief attempts to quantify just how much these soaring debt levels impact college-educated households’ financial stability over a lifetime.

It creates a model using data from the Federal Reserve Board’s Survey of Consumer Finances and other datasets to estimate household debt and assets, comparing the projected debts and assets of a college-educated household with average levels of education debt to a similar household without debt.

It finds that, over a lifetime of employment and saving, $53,000 in education debt leads to a wealth loss of nearly $208,000.

We can generalize this result to predict that the $1 trillion in outstanding student loan debt will lead to total lifetime wealth loss of $4 trillion for indebted households, not even accounting for the heavy impact of defaults.

The model’s prediction of lifetime lost assets due to student debt also understates the impact of education debt on many borrowers in another way.

Student debt levels vary widely by both race and family income of graduates; thus, for low-income and minority borrowers, the lifetime cost of student loans will likely be even greater (see the box on the following for more detail).

Before we can account for the large differences in debt burdens by race and family income, we need to establish a baseline scenario to examine the lifetime impact of student debt on assets for an average borrower, which is the focus of the model in this brief.

Even when we consider this average borrower who (as explained below) saves and accumulates under somewhat ideal circumstances, the lifetime impact of student debt paints an already troubling picture.

Wealthy interests are keenly focused on concerns not shared by the rest of the American public

  • Our model finds that an average student debt burden for a dual-headed household with bachelors’ degrees from 4-year universities ($53,000) leads to a lifetime wealth loss of nearly $208,000.
  • Nearly two-thirds of this loss ($134,000) comes from the lower retirement savings of the indebted household, while more than one-third ($70,000) comes from lower home equity.
  • We can generalize this result to predict that the $1 trillion in outstanding student loan debt will lead to total lifetime wealth loss of $4 trillion for indebted households.
  • The wealth loss will be greater for households with larger-than-average levels of student debt: students from low-income families, students of color, and for-profit students.

Wealthy interests are keenly focused on concerns not shared by the rest of the American public

he indebted household examined in this brief’s model represents a “best-case” scenario for the wealth loss caused by student debt: as both earners are graduates of 4-year universities, the household is in fact an upper-income household, and its net worth approaching retirement is in the top 15 percent of all households, despite the wealth loss caused by its student debt. Households with higher levels of student debt— ones comprised of students from low-income families, students of color, or for-profit students—will suffer larger lifetime wealth losses due to both their higher debt levels and their other disadvantages. The impact of student debt on these disproportionately-impacted households will be examined in a forthcoming brief.Figure 1 shows the large impact that family income has on the debt levels of college graduates. Seventy-five percent of bachelor’s degree recipients from families with incomes of less than $60,000 graduated with some student loan debt in 2008, compared to just 48% of students whose families earned $100,000 or more. Students from poorer families were also much more likely to graduate with large amounts of debt: 14% of graduates from lower-income families had more than $30,500 in debt, compared to just 9% of students from families who earned $100,000 or more.

Average student debt also varies widely by the race of graduates, as shown in Figure 2.

For the class of 2008, 80 percent of African American graduates left school with debt, compared to 67 percent of Latinos, 65 percent of whites, and 54 percent of Asian Americans. African Americans also graduated with higher levels of debt, leaving with an average of more than $28,000 in student loan debt, nearly $4,000 more than the average graduate.

Figure 3 shows the average debt levels of indebted graduates by institution type. 2008 graduates of for-profit schools leave with particularly high debt; their $33,050 average is 64% higher than that of indebted public school graduates.

Wealthy interests are keenly focused on concerns not shared by the rest of the American public

Student Loan Debt By Race & Ethnicity

Average Debt Among Indebted Graduates

The Model Assumptions & Results

o look at the lifetime impact of student debt on assets and net worth, we begin with two young households, nearly identical except that one has student debt and one does not. Each household is dual-headed and college educated, and begins its working life with the average salary, retirement savings, and liquid savings of an average younga dual-headed, college-educated household with and without education debt. Each household purchases a home at 31, the average age of a first-time homebuyer,6 and pays the average price, mortgage interest rate, and down payment of college- educated households with and without student debt, respectively. To determine these initial values, we used the 2010 Survey of Consumer Finances to compute average values for each of the above data points. We then use these initial values, as shown in Figure 4, as the base points of the model. And as the table shows, even early in these young households’ post college lives, the effect of student debt on assets is already becoming apparent.Young college-educated households without student loan debt have already begun to accumulate more retirement savings than similar households with student loan debt. More young debt-free households were also able to purchase homes (though this gap narrows when households in their 30s are considered). Debt-free households purchased more expensive homes, put down a larger down payment, and paid a lower mortgage interest rate than indebted households as well. Households with education debt, however, had higher average incomes than those without, which is consistent with other research on the incomes of young college-educated households.7 This income gap between indebted and debt-free young households is likely due to the influence exerted by the need to repay their debt on their job choices post-graduation, causing them to prioritize a job’s salary over all its other characteristics. However, such research also shows that the incomes education-indebted households quickly fall behind their peers without education debt, likely because the need for indebted households to make consistent monthly payments on their debt causes them to lack the job flexibility and mobility enjoyed by debt-free households. We incorporate this finding into our model as well.

a. Due to the limited sample size of the Survey of Consumer Finances, we use households headed by 24 to 30 year-olds to ensure robust estimates. We use these averages to seed the model starting at age 27, the midpoint in this age range.

     

Average Debts & Assets

Our model uses these values to project the growth of income and assets—home equity, retirement savings, and liquid savings—and the decline in each household’s debt—home mortgage and student loan debt—throughout each household’s working lifetime. These projections assume that income and assets grow and debts decline at a steady rate each year, which is in reality a very rosy assumption: most households lose jobs or suffer declines in income, suspend or withdraw savings, and postpone debt payments over the course of a working lifetime. However, in order to both keep the model as simple as possible and give predictions that are in reality a best-case scenario, our model simply assumes that each household’s income grows at a steady, fixed rate each year, that retirement savings grow and accumulate returns at a steady pace, etc. (For more detail on the values used in the model for growth in home values, retirement assets, etc., see the Methodology Appendix below).The indebted household is enrolled in an Income-Based Repayment plan for their student debt, which typically extend the repayment period significantly beyond 10 years. However, because their income rises rapidly they end up paying off their student debt over a slightly extended period of just 11 years. Their student debt payment consumes an average of 7.5 percent of their income during the repayment period. To generate the model’s major predictions, we then presume that the indebted household reduces their combined yearly retirement savings and liquid savings by its yearly payment on its student debt until it is paid off (at age 33), and then saves identically to the household without student debt. Finally, to make the model slightly more realistic, we make two additional assumptions: 1.) That each household buys a larger house once in their lifetime, using their accumulated home equity and liquid savings as a down payment, and 2.) That each household also withdraws once from their liquid savings at age 54 to help pay for the educational expenses of one of their own children.

The Student Loan Drain

The results of the model are expressed in Figure 7 below. Based on its projections, the indebted household will suffer a lifetime wealth loss of nearly $208,000, compared to “baseline” of the debt-free household. Nearly two-thirds of this loss ($134,000) comes from the lower retirement savings of the indebted household, while more than one-third ($70,000) comes from lower accumulated home equity; because of the two withdrawals from savings later in their lives, the liquid savings gap is just $4,000. The gap in retirement savings is particularly large because the household with student debt was forced to save significantly less for retirement early in their working lives while paying back their student loans, a gap which was exacerbated because of the significant compound interest that would have been earned had they been able to save the same amount as the household without student loan debt. Some of this gap in net assets also comes from the higher lifetime income of the household without student loan debt; though the indebted household begins their careers earning more, their income falls behind that of the debt-free household by its early 40s, and earns significantly less during the peak earning years of the mid-50s.

Modeling Estimates, Net Assets

Model Estimates, Household Income

Conclusion

s the brief shows, the financial pictures for both the indebted and debt-free households are significantly better than an average American household, clearly illustrating the earnings power of a college degree. However, the model also clearly illustrates the damaging impact of student debt, predicting that its impact on the lifetime assets of indebted households will be nearly four times the amount borrowed. Student debt’s financial impact won’t just be felt by the nearly 39 million Americans who currently have student loans,8 however; the drag of student loans on indebted households’ purchasing power and ability to save will slow already-sluggish growth for the entire U.S. economy. If we wish to avoid this fate, we need to take immediate action to both reduce the burden of existing student debt and prevent future debt from piling up even higher. A comprehensive solution to the student debt crisis is needed, but enacting a series of proposals that individually address the worst aspects of the trends – reducing interest rates for future borrowers, refinancing existing student loan debt at a lower interest rate, and reforming bankruptcy laws to allow for the discharge of student debt – would together have a significant impact. And action needs to happen now, before the country’s student debt burden reaches yet another terrible milestone.

Appendix: Methodology

ll of the figures in the model are expressed in real 2010 dollars in order to maintain comparability with the initial asset and debt values, which were derived from the 2010 Survey of Consumer Finances (SCF). Most of the model’s initial values are derived from the author’s calculations of the Federal Reserve’s 2010 Survey of Consumer Finances, as shown in Figure 4.General Economic & Household Assumptions

  • The assumed inflation rate is 2.5 percent, the same used by most federal government projections.9
  • The real incomes of college-educated households without educational debt are projected to grow at the overall median rate of 2.05 percent per year, taken from the Social Security Administration’s intermediate projections.10
  • The real income of the indebted household is presumed to grow at a real rate of 1.6 percent, in line with findings of previous research on the post-graduation incomes of indebted graduates.11

Home Purchases and Value

  • Each household purchases its first home at age 31, the median age for first-time homebuyers, according to the National Association of Realtors.12
  • Each household’s down payment, interest rate, and initial mortgage amount is based on the author’s calculations of the SCF of the median values for similar households, as shown in Figure 3.
  • The yearly mortgage payment for each household is calculated using a 30-year fixed rate mortgage, based on the mortgage amount, interest rate, and down payment for each household.
  • The model assumes that the home “upgrade” for each household occurs at age 49, and that each household uses its accumulated home equity and liquid savings above a cushion of 3 months income to put a down payment on their new home. The mortgage for the home upgrade is a 15-year fixed rate mortgage, chosen both because of the households’ higher mid-career incomes and to enable them to pay off their mortgages by retirement.
  • We also presume that the down payment is equal to 50 percent of the new home’s value, based on data from the National Association of Realtors.13
  • The presumed real growth in home value is 1.1 percent, in line with the long term projections of a survey of economists.14
  • The initial post-graduation student loan debt is taken to be $53,200, or twice the average debt of a graduating senior in 201115 (doubled because the indebted household is dual-headed).
  • The indebted household’s student loan payment is calculated using an Income-Based Repayment plan on 11-year repayment schedule—based on the increases in the debted household’s income— and a 4.9 percent interest rate—the average interest rate paid on student loans, according to the SCF.
  • The model assumes that the debt-free household saves between 6 and 10 percent of its income for retirement, increasing with age, rates derived from data from the Employee Benefit Research Institute.16 The debt-free household also saved between 2 and 3 percent in liquid assets.
  • While the indebted household is paying off its student loan debt, it reduces its combined savings by slightly less than its student loan payment; slightly less because we presume, along with economic literature, that a household will generally reduce consumption to some degree if it significantly values saving. After it finishes paying of its debt at age 33, it increases its savings rates to match those of the debt-free household.
  • Both households are assumed to invest their retirement assets in a balanced portfolio of stocks and bonds, which is projected to grow at a real rate 5.1 percent, according to simulations from the Berkeley Labor Center17 as well as the author’s own simulations.
  • Each household also withdraws from their accumulated liquid savings at age 54 to pay for a portion of the educational costs incurred when one of their children enters college.
  • Finally, as mentioned in the brief, each household saves, earns, and pays down their debts continually and regularly throughout their working lifetimes. Thus, the model presumes that the households never become unemployed or take a pay cut, and that their salaries increase steadily (and then decline steadily after their peak earnings at age 55) throughout their working lifetimes. The model also assumes that the households never suspend saving or debt payments, or withdraw from accumulated savings, except for the two instances (home upgrade and education payment) mentioned above.

Wealthy interests are keenly focused on concerns not shared by the rest of the American public

  1. Federal Reserve, “Quarterly Report on Household Debt and Credit,” 2013
  2. Ibid., Author’s analysis.
  3. Project on Student Debt, “Student Debt and the Class of 2011,” October 2012.
  4. Author’s calculations of the NPSAS. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, National Postsecondary Student Aid Study (NPSAS).
  5. Author’s calculations of IPEDS and Grapevine data. U.S. Department of Education, National Center for Education Statistics, Integrated Postsecondary Education Data System (IPEDS), “Fall Enrollment” surveys, http://nces.ed.gov/Programs/digest/; Grapevine Project, “State Fiscal Support for Higher Education by State,” http://grapevine.illinoisstate.edu/tables/index.htm.
  6. National Association of Realtors, “Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers, 2012.
  7. Rothstein and Rouse, “Constrained After College: Student Loans and Early Career Occupational Choices”, 2008; Minicozzi, “The Short Term Effect of Educational Debt on Job Decisions,” 2002.
  8. Donghoon Lee, “Household Debt and Credit: Student Debt,” Federal Reserve Bank of New York, February 2013.
  9. See Social Security Administration, “Trustees Report”, 2012, among others.
  10. Social Security Administration, op. cit.
  11. Rothstein, op. cit.; Minicozzi, op. cit.
  12. National Association of Realtors, op. cit.
  13. Ibid.
  14. Zillow, “Zillow Home Price Expectations Survey,” 2013, http://www.zillowblog.com/research/2013/03/19/zillow-home-price-expectations-survey-predicts-home-value-appreciation-through-2017-to-exceed-pre-bubble-norms/
  15. TICAS, op. cit.
  16. EBRI, “Factbook: Chapter 10,” 2012.
  17. D. Stubbs and N. Rhee, “Can a Publicly-Sponsored Retirement Plan for Private Sector Workers Guarantee Benefits at No Risk to the State?” Berkeley Labor Center, August 2012, http://laborcenter.berkeley.edu/research/ca_guaranteed_retirement_study.shtml.
     


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