Posts Tagged ‘Antun Saadeh’
Was Jesus Jewish by any long shot?
Posted by: adonis49 on: April 6, 2015
Was Jesus Jewish by any long shot?
The Jews of Jerusalem never acknowledged that Jesus was a Jew.
Jesus never proclaimed that he was Jew.
The mother of Jesus was from the town of Qana, the district of Tyr then and now, as was all of her family.
The Temple they patronized was the Great Temple of the Carmel and it is there they celebrated their religious events.
The town of Bethlehem was the one in Galilee and not the one close to Jerusalem that was a tiny military garrison.
When Jesus ascended toward Jerusalem, it was his first visit to the city, where he would be persecuted and executed.
!['Jesus was Syrian</p><br /><br />
<p>By Dr. Edmond Melhem</p><br /><br />
<p>Was Jesus really a Jew as some scholars refer to him? According to Antun Sa´adeh, Jesus was not a Jew, but he was Syrian and a product of his Syrian social environment. Sa´adeh clearly states: </p><br /><br />
<p>Jesus was not Jewish and he had no Jewish fathers; as claimed by the composer of the Instigatory [Al-Qarawi], who denigrated him. Jesus was Syrian, who used to address people in Aramaic. </p><br /><br />
<p>In his book, Life of Jesus, Renan, asserts that “the real mother-tongue of Jesus was the Syrian dialect mingled with Hebrew, which was then spoken in Palestine”. By the Syrian dialect Renan meant Aramaic, which was the spoken language in Palestine, particularly in the Galilee, during the lifetime of Jesus. The Dutch Roman Catholic scholar Edward Schillebeeckx was certain about the Aramaic hypothesis when he wrote: “On historical grounds it is quite certain that he [Jesus] conveyed his message in Aramaic”. Günther Bornekamm offers a similar view that “Jesus’ mother tongue is the Aramaic of Galilee.”</p><br /><br />
<p>According to Abraham Mitrie Rihbani (1870 – 1945) , Syria was the original home of Jesus. In The Syrian Christ, published in 1916 and reprinted 17 times between 1916 and 1937, Rihbani conducts us “into the inner chambers of Syrian life”, describing the social habits of Syria and the cultural milieu in which Jesus lived. At the start of his journey, however, he asserts, like many, that Jesus, as the embodiment of the Holy Spirit and as a preacher of God: the Father, and His heavenly kingdom, is a man without a country or nationality. He states: </p><br /><br />
<p>As a prophet and seer Jesus belongs to all races and ages. Wherever the minds of men respond to simple truth, wherever the hearts of men thrill with pure love, wherever a temple of religion is dedicated to the worship of God and the service of man, there is Jesus’ country and there his friends. </p><br /><br />
<p>Before he presents a charming account of Jesus’ life and his characteristics as well as his teachings, Rihbani emphasizes that his modest purpose in publishing his book is “to remind the reader that, whatever else Jesus was, as regards his modes of thought and life and his method of teaching, he was a Syrian of the Syrians”. Rihbani adds: </p><br /><br />
<p>According to authentic history Jesus never saw any other country than Palestine. There he was born; there he grew up to manhood, taught his Gospel, and died for it.</p><br /><br />
<p>It is most natural, then, that gospel truths should have come down to the succeeding generations – and the nations of the West-cast in Oriental moulds of thought, and intimately intermingled with the simple domestic and social habits of Syria. The gold of the Gospel carries with it the sand and dust of its original home. </p><br /><br />
<p>In search of Jesus’ identity, scholars may provide rival answers and a multiplicity of dazzling images of Jesus. Nevertheless, the fact remains that the Jesus of history, the real Jesus, was born in Palestine; there he grew up, walked and taught. He never identified himself as a Jew and never designated himself the Son of David, but the Son of God. Sa´adeh asserts that Jesus himself refused to be called “Son of David” as the Jews wished. He adds:<br /><br /><br />
Jesus rejected all attempts to regard him a Jew related to David, in accordance with the Jewish tradition. It is not right to say the Messiah was Jewish. He is the son of the Syrian environment.'](https://fbcdn-sphotos-d-a.akamaihd.net/hphotos-ak-xap1/v/t1.0-9/p206x206/11080977_424522407730720_1948613435464871858_n.jpg?oh=a3d7cc0c7fd1d2d9b7a658eac18628a2&oe=55B4B219&__gda__=1436820551_c0b225f206936387c379e767b88a82ed)
Jesus was Syrian
Was Jesus really a Jew as some scholars refer to him?
According to Antun Sa´adeh, Jesus was not a Jew, but he was Syrian, a product of his Syrian social environment. Sa´adeh clearly states:
Jesus was not Jewish and he had no Jewish fathers; as claimed by the composer of the Instigatory [Al-Qarawi], who denigrated him. Jesus was Syrian, who used to address people in Aramaic.
(Antun Saadeh is the founder and leader of the Syrian National Social Party, established in 1931. Saadeh was executed by firing squadby the Lebanese government in 1949 after a quick trial that didn’t last 24 hours.)
In his book, Life of Jesus, Renan, asserts that “the real mother-tongue of Jesus was the Syrian dialect mingled with Hebrew, which was then spoken in Palestine”.
By the Syrian dialect Renan meant Aramaic, which was the spoken language in Palestine, particularly in the Galilee, during the lifetime of Jesus.
The Dutch Roman Catholic scholar Edward Schillebeeckx was certain about the Aramaic hypothesis when he wrote: “On historical grounds it is quite certain that he [Jesus] conveyed his message in Aramaic”.
Günther Bornekamm offers a similar view that “Jesus’ mother tongue is the Aramaic of Galilee.” (Galilee was within Tyr district jurisdiction and Herod was denied taking Jesus to court and Jesus lived all his life in the district of Tyr)
According to Abraham Mitrie Rihbani (1870 – 1945) , Syria was the original home of Jesus.
In The Syrian Christ, published in 1916 and reprinted 17 times between 1916 and 1937, Rihbani conducts us “into the inner chambers of Syrian life”, describing the social habits of Syria and the cultural milieu in which Jesus lived.
Jesus was as the embodiment of the Holy Spirit and as a preacher of God: the Father, and His heavenly kingdom, is a man without a country or nationality. Abraham Mitrie Rihbani states:
As a prophet and seer Jesus belongs to all races and ages. Wherever the minds of men respond to simple truth, wherever the hearts of men thrill with pure love, wherever a temple of religion is dedicated to the worship of God and the service of man, there is Jesus’ country and there his friends.
Before he presents a charming account of Jesus’ life and his characteristics as well as his teachings, Rihbani emphasizes that his modest purpose in publishing his book is “to remind the reader that, whatever else Jesus was, as regards his modes of thought and life and his method of teaching, he was a Syrian of the Syrians”. Rihbani adds:
According to authentic history Jesus never saw any other country than Palestine. There he was born; there he grew up to manhood, taught his Gospel, and died for it.
It is most natural, then, that gospel truths should have come down to the succeeding generations – and the nations of the West-cast in Oriental moulds of thought, and intimately intermingled with the simple domestic and social habits of Syria.
The gold of the Gospel carries with it the sand and dust of its original home.
In search of Jesus’ identity, scholars may provide rival answers and a multiplicity of dazzling images of Jesus.
Nevertheless, the fact remains that the Jesus of history, the real Jesus, was born in Palestine; there he grew up, walked and taught.
He never identified himself as a Jew and never designated himself the Son of David, but the Son of God.
Sa´adeh asserts that Jesus himself refused to be called “Son of David” as the Jews wished. He adds:
Jesus rejected all attempts to regard him a Jew related to David, in accordance with the Jewish tradition. It is not right to say the Messiah was Jewish. He is the son of the Syrian environment.
Read: https://adonis49.wordpress.com/2009/03/18/the-virgin-mary-is-from-the-town-of-qana-in-lebanon-book-review/#comment-1492
“The New Syria”, Syria National Social Party (SNSP), and Antun Saadeh (1904-1949)?
Posted by: adonis49 on: December 16, 2011
“The New Syria”, Syria National Social Party (SNSP): Who is Antun Saadeh?
I am reading the Lebanese/Arabic book “Committment in both dailies “Renaissance” (Al Nahda) and “The New Syria” (Surya al Jadidat) by Jihad Nasri Akl. The two dailies were the media of the doctrines and opinions of the Syria National Social Party (SNSP) during the French mandate over Syria and Lebanon and after the independence of Syria and Lebanon.
After the recognition of Lebanon as a State by the UN in 1946, the party had hard time convincing the Lebanese that the party can be totally relied upon to defending and protecting the independence of Lebanon…Syria Nation is a social and cultural reality that should not be confounded with current political antagonism among States…
The founder of the party, Antun Saadeh, wrote: “What separate and distanced this party from the other ones in Syria and the Arab World is that we have defined and clarified the political and social terms for our cause and our problems. The party delivered the nation from the chaos of understanding to the realm of clarity of our current issues, from confusion to focused comprehension of what is our nation, our society, our identity, our culture, our civilization, and our purposes…”
What are the doctrines of Syria National Social Party (SNSP)?
1. Syria is a complete nation, and the Syrian people are a united society, born from a long history of coexistence, interaction and communication in trade and joint living…
2. Syria existence is a national cause, a one society independent and self-autonomous, and concerns solely the Syrian people…
3. The renaissance of Syria Nation is generated from the spirit, talent, civilization, and culture of its people…
4. Syria nation is geographically delimited by natural borders. North by the Torus Mountain Chains (current south Turkey), north-east by the Bakhtiari Mountain Chains (current West Iran), south by the Sinai peninsula to the Suez Canal, east by the Arabic peninsula, west by the Mediterranean Sea, and including the island of Cyprus. (Consequently, Syria Nation and historical Syria includes the current States of Syria, Iraq, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan…)
5. Religion is separate from State politics and religious clerics are prohibited from meddling in the political policies, judicial and legal affairs…
6. Removing all barriers among the various religious affiliations and sects
7. Breaking down the feudal privileges and vast land owners and erecting the economy on the basis of production, fair work, and the sustaining national self-sufficiency and interests…
8. Instituting a strong army to protect and safeguard Syria borders and international interests…
Who is the founder Antun Saadeh?
Born in the town of Chuweir (Mount Lebanon), Antun studied in Bremana school (Lebanon) and in Egypt. He immigrated to the US at the age of 15, and stayed two years. Antun moved to Brazil and contributed in his father’s daily “The Daily”.
In 1924, Antun created a secret association and learned the languages German and Russian. He returned to Lebanon in 1930 and published two novels “Love Tragedi” and “Holiday o Saidnaya Madonna”. He was against the mandated power of France over Syria and Lebanon, and the mandated power of England over Palestine and Iraq, and warned about the long-term purposes of the Zionist organization to establishing a Jewish State in part of Palestine
Antun moved to Damascus in 1931 and contributed to the daily “The Days”. He returned to Lebanon in 1932 and taught German at the American University of Beirut (AUB), and published “The Magazine”.
In 1932, Antun founded the secret political party Syria National Social Party (SNSP) which was uncovered by the French mandated power in 1935. Saadeh was jailed 6 months and he wrote “The Origin of Nations”.
Saadeh lambasted the deal between France and the Syrian National Block that was totally biased to France interests. He dispatched a letter to the League of Nations claiming that France has no right of disposing of any parcel of land of Syria in favor of Turkey Attatuk (France had ceased the Adana region and the port of Alexandretta to Turkey in 1936).
Antun was again jailed for 3 months in 1936 and the French mandate confiscated his draft book “The origin of the Syria Nation”, never to be released. Antun completely supported the first Palestinian civil disobediance that lasted 3 years. England had to send 100,000 soldiers to tame the revolt in Palestine.
Saadeh is out of prison in 1937 and founded the daily “Renaissance”, the mouthpiece of the party. The mandated power pressured Saadeh to exile and he immigrated to Brazil in 1938. He was jailed 2 months in Brazil and Antun published the daily “New Syria”.
By 1939, Saadeh moved to Argentina and remained there for the duration of WWII. He founded the daily “Tornado” (Al Zawba3a) and published the book “Struggle of ideas in Syria literature”. From exile, Saadeh discouraged the members to side with any forces in the WWII, on the ground that both alliances are intent on dividing Syria…
Antun returned to Lebanon in March 1947 after heavy political negotiations with Lebanon government. Saadeh delivered a firy speech at the airport, which gathered the most crowded numbers of followers ever witnessed in the region to welcome a leader (about 150,000 people). The government had to issue an arrest warrant against Antun. The warrant was dropped 7 months later because the Lebanese government was unable to execute the arrest.
In 1947, Antun founded the daily “New Generation”. The Lebanese government, backed by France and England, consistently harassed Saadeh and his party and tampered with the election process and votes. Saadeh resisted the construction of the oil pipeline linking Iraq to Tripoli (Lebanon) because it was not in the current interest of Syria since England and France voted for the creation of the State of Israel. Antun demanded from the Lebanese government arms and ammunition so that the party could contribute to armed struggle against the State of Israel, but was denied any support. Saadeh waged media attack on the Syrian and Lebanese Communist parties for siding with Stalin’s support for the partition of Palestine and the creation of the State of Israel.
Antun fled to Syria and declared the first armed revolution in July 1949. The Syrian President Hosni Zaim, who grabbed power after a military coup, handed Saadeh to the Lebanese security forces.
On July 8, 1949, Saadeh was executed by a firing squad after being convicted by a mock tribunal within 24 hours of arrest. The members of the Syria National Social Party (SNSP) celebrate every year July 8 and the founding date of the party.
Antun Saadeh had three girls. His wife Julia Mir and the daughters suffered greatly from frequent persecutions by the Lebanese and Syrian governments.
What is this weekly “The New Syria”?
The term New Syria was pretty common in the beginning of the 20th century as the Syrian people were trying emancipation from the Ottoman Empire. In New York, a political party was named The New Syria and managed to open 50 offices throughout the USA. A daily by the same name was established in Brazil in 1918.
This Arabic weekly paper was published in Brazil on March 1939 and was supposedly the mouthpiece of the SNSP overseas. It had to close down on August 1941 as the Brazilian government prohibited the publication of dailies not written in Portuguese. The weekly was of 8 pages and the two Bunduki brothers owned 40% and were the effective managing directors for the first 100 issues out of a total of 125.
The weekly received news from the Associated Press, United Press, Transawosian (Germany), Havas (France), and Reuters (England). In that period, Germany was on the offensive and mastered superior propaganda media. The Arab Centre in Berlin sent quality images of Germany offensive wars and dispatched up-to-date news to dailies. Consequently, the weekly projected a bias to the Axes, against the guideline of the founder Antun Saadeh, who was blocked in Argentina and could not control the weekly efficiently.
This apparent bias hurt the members of the party in Lebanon, under French mandated power, and they were harassed by the government and put in prison for longer terms than normal. There was a natural animosity against the two mandated powers of France and England that demonstrated in actions and policies not to work for the interest of the Syrian people: Supporting Zionism, ceding part of Syria to Turkey…
Syria: When geographic borders do not correlate well with historical social structure
Posted by: adonis49 on: December 12, 2011
Syria: When geographic borders do not correlate well with historical social structure
Lebanon journalist Jihad Zein is touring Paris old bookshops with the purpose of collecting books related to Syria and Lebanon during the French mandate after WWI. The idea is to have a clear comprehension of how the French governments perceived the social structure in Syria and Lebanon that led to dividing Syria into five “self-autonomous” districts and the creation of Greater Lebanon…
The French mandated power divided Syria according to the religious minorities:
1. The north-east district of Al Jazira, including Aleppo, had many old Christian sects such as the Assyrian, Greek Orthodox, Armenians, Maronites… (who will eventually flee the region after the US invasion of Iraq in 2003)
2. The north-west coastal area, extending from Alexandretta (Iskandarun), and ceased by the French to the Turkey’s Attaturk before vacating Syria, to Tartous. This district witnessed heavy concentration of the Alawi sect, used to be called Nussiria.
3. The south of the Hurran and Golan Heights with concentration of Druze,
4. The east-central district extending from Hama to the Euphrates River, and including Tadmor with Sunni concentration
5. Damascus districts with heavy Moslem Sunni sect and many Christian sects, mainly the Greek Orthodox…
In 1936, many Syrian and Lebanese political parties and groups converged to Paris to negotiate a treaty for the independence of Syria and the status of Lebanon. The Syrian parties coalesced under the Syria National Block, represented by many disparate political groups. Lebanon Maronite Patriarch Arida was deeply involved in the negotiation and was demanding that the Syrian Constitution includes a special clause to safeguarding the right of the religious minorities…
Here is an extract of the dialogue between the Maronite Patriarch Arida and the delegate of the Syria National Block Fakhry Baroudi:
Baroudi: “It is not appropriate for the Patriarch to send a delegate in order to demand a special clause in Syria Constitution. There is no need for such a clause referring to religious minority rights. The Constitution guarantees total equality among the citizens…”
Arida: “Great…Why then the Constitution includes the clause that Islam is the State religion and that the PRESIDENT should be a Moslem…?”
Baroudi: “This clause is of temporary nature…until affairs stabilize…”
Arida: “Fine, let the minority rights clause enjoy also this temporary facility until the political conditions do no longer require it…”
In the last 75 years, what was supposed to be temporary in both Constitutions (Syria and Lebanon) is still of an everlasting temporary nature…
For example, the political landscape in Lebanon in the 1930’s was as follows:
1. The Christian Catholics, Maronites, Greek Orthodox, and Armenians professionals…who constituted the majority of deputies in the Lebanese parliament (13 out of 25 deputies)
2. The Maronite Patriarch block representing the large land owners, and the biggest Christian merchants
3. The “patriotic” Sunni Moslems, represented by Shakib Erslan and Abdel Rahman Shahabandar who worked toward an Arabic/Islamic empire in the Levant region (Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, and Jordan)
4. The pro-mandated power (mostly Christians), headed by Lebanon Patriotic Block of Emile Eddeh, who wanted France to remain in order to achieve the development of State institutions and necessary infrastructure…
5. The countless religious minorities that demanded self-autonomous statuses…
Note 1: Lebanese journalist Jihad Zein referred to the French book “Secret history of the Franco-Syrian 1936 treaty” by Marcel Homet
Note 2: In the mid 1930’s, there was the Communist party, totally obeying the dictate of Stalin. This party suffered discredit as the Soviet Union voted for the creation of the State of Israel. Stalin was under the illusion that Israel will quickly become the first communist State in the Middle-East. How whispered this falsehood in Stalin’s ear?
Note 3: By 1936, many political parties started to emerge, mostly sectarian groups (such as the Phalanges or Kataeb with the facilitation of the French mandated power. The creation of sectarian parties was in reaction of the creation of a national secular party called “The Syria national social Party” and founded by Antun Saadeh.
Note 4: France gave away the Syrian territory of Adana and Alexandretta to Turkey, mostly in retaliation for the constant unrest of the Syrian people against its mandated power.
What is “Syria National Social Party”? (Part 3)
Note: Part 3 will state the latest ideological foundations of the SNSP before the execution of its founder and leader Antun Saadeh. Part 4 will attempt to develop on any revisions or extensions to the principles after its founder.
Before the founder and leader of the SNSP (Antun Saadeh) was executed by a firing squad on July 8, 1949, in a makeshift military trial, he delivered a series of lectures at the American University of Beirut. The 10 doctrines for the ideology of the party were collected in a book “The ten lectures“.
The first principle states that “Syria is a total, complete and indivisible Nation. The Syrian people constitute one nation with a civilization enjoying unique characteristics.” The Syrian Nation is an amalgam of ethnicities that evolved uninterruptedly since the beginning of time and formed a population with specific cultures, customs, traditions, and spiritual identities. All the Empires that dominated Syria since the antiquity did not transform our fundamental culture but ended up being enriched with our civilization.
The second principle delimits the natural boundaries of Syria. This potential nation is bordered from the East by the Zahgross and Bakhtiyari Mountain Chains (in present Iran and facing the Arab/Persian Gulf). These mountain chains link with the Kurdistan Mountain Chains up north and then the Taurus Mountain Chains in present Turkey to the Mediterranean Sea. The south-east merges with the western desert of the Arabian Peninsula. The south border is bounded by the Arabian Sea. The south-west is bording the Sinai Desert and the west by the Mediterranean Sea. Thus, this potential nation included present States of Iraq, Syria, Lebanon, Palestine, Jordan, part of west Iran, and part of south Turkey. Actually, the mandated French power ceased valuable lands in norther Syria to Turkey in 1936.
The third principle states that Syria is one of four Arab nations with a common classical language. The other Arab nations are the Arabic Peninsula, the Nile States of Egypt and Sudan, and the Northern African States of Libya, Tunisia, Algeria and Morocco called the Maghreb (the sunset States of the Arab World). Saadeh didn’t view the Arabic issue from a romantic perspective of rough bedouins and so forth.
In fact, Saadeh’s father Khalil lambasted Britain for appointing Faisal of Hijaz (Arabic Peninsula) as King to Syria in 1919 because Syria was urban in nature and didn’t care for bedouins’ mentality of razzias and loot. Thus, Syria is Arabic by language with shared common long history during the Islam domination. The capital of the first Arab Caliphate dynasty (the Umayyad) was Damascus for over 100 years and then the Ayyubid Dynasty during the life of Saladin. Saada and his family spoke classical Arabic.
The fourth principle is the complete separation of State and religion in the administration and running of the State. In fact, Antun Saadeh instituted the first civil marriages among the members of the party and the ceremony to be resumed by a cleric if desired. Till now, wedding registers are the domain of the 19 recognized sect or castes; a civil marriage to be recognized has to be done outside Lebanon.
Saadeh wrote a book titled “Islam in its two messages: Christ and the Prophet Mohammad”. Islam (submission to One God) shares common denominators in belief system between the Christian sects and Moslem sects when all the administrative, civil laws, and political decisions have been excluded from the fundamental belief system.
I doubt that Saadeh would have encouraged the creation of an alternative religion (it would contradict the separation principle), but he might have encourage the publication of a unified book containing the verses common to both monolithic religions for educational purposes and for strengthening the unity of the society. Saadeh confessed to a cleric before his execution so that individual religious beliefs are independent of social responsibilities and rights.
I will quickly go through a few other political, economic, and philosophical principles. The ideology of the SNSP is neither communist (purely material philosophy) or racist (purely spiritual philosophy) or capitalist (unfair distribution of wealth and labor). The SNSP will not take side in the War II, but will fight both sides for the independence of Syria: the party cannot side with the Nazi axes (a racist ideology of domination) or the “Allies” axes because they still maintain their mandated powers over the Syrian States and plan to establish the State of Israel, our “existential archenemy”.
The SNSP was the first political organization in the Middle East that instituted order, structural hierarchy, and way of conducts, regulations, and tight discipline. Saadeh claimed that if the Syrian people fail to unite under an organized central command then the Zionist movement will inevitably succeed in establishing their State. The SNSP organization was based on a culture of symbols extracted from our mythologies.
Saadeh was a rational and positive thinker and encourage discussions within the party, but never tolerated public dissensions. The principle of ex-communication was applied to members who were expelled from the ranks and no communication with them was permitted. Thus, the combination of set of symbols, ex-communication, tight discipline, and the principle of the leader (Zaim) for life (a contract between the member and the Zaim) is a reminder that the philosophy of Antun Saadeh is a Church ideology adapted to civilian setting. It is the same with communism in its practice.
Actually, the SNSP never managed to get beyond the ideology of its founder, as if this ideology is a dogma that transcend time, and hardly tried to learn to adapt with the changing environment, cultures, and trends.
Note: You might ask: “Are there any ideological revisions or clarifications in the last 20 years?” I think “None”. Total inertia, a stone attitude. You might as well call it “The Petra Period”
Are there any political revisions or changes? It appears that the party has allied with the Syrian regime, and is unable to negotiate with all existing political parties in Lebanon, without prior green light from Syria…
Are there any re-organization and administrative changes in the SNSP? Yes. Lately, the SNSP conducted a true democratic transition of power through the various echelons but ended up electing mostly the same figures of the last 20 years.
What is “Syria National Social Party”?
Posted by: adonis49 on: December 8, 2008
What is “Syria National Social Party”? (Part 1, December 7, 2008)
Note: I am planning three articles on the subject; the creation of the party, a short history after the execution of Antun Saadeh, and the ideological foundations.
Syria National Social Party (SNSP) is a secular political organization that had membership in the States of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq and is currently mainly located in Lebanon and Syria. This party was created in Lebanon in 1936 during the French mandate to Lebanon and Syria by Antun Saadeh, who was teaching at the American University at Beirut (AUB) and was also a Brazilian national. The father of Antun, Khalil Saadeh and a Christian Greek Orthodox by birth, published a daily in Brazil and was a secular thinker.
The principles of the SNSP were founded on the premise that Syria (formed by the present States of Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan, and Iraq) is a complete nation, socially and culturally with definite natural borders. This notion of “Syria Nation” was not new in spirit but the creation of this party gave it body and political objectives for independence from France, Britain, and any other colonial power. Antun Saadeh warned the Syrian people, even in 1936, of the implantation of the Jews in Palestine and he knew that if the Syrian do not get organized then the organized Zionists will prevail and we will have to deal with this new foreign body for decades to come.
France, Britain, and Zionism comprehended the nature and the danger of the SNSP and did their best to eradicate it legally and politically. They managed to disrupt the figurant ascendance of the SNAP among the people by paying dailies to blemish its purposes and creating sectarian political parties among the Christian and Moslem castes. That is why France created, shortly after, the Maronite Phalange Party (Kataeb) and a counterpart Sunni party to challenge the secular tendencies of the SNSP and infuse pride in a Lebanon that was not a State yet and was under French mandate. The fear of France was very material since it was fighting an independence uprising in Syria for a long time.
There was another secular political party in “Syria” called the “Communist Party” founded in the twenties and it was far more vehement against the SNSP than the confessional parties. This communist party was a poor satellite to Moscow and supported the creation of the State of Israel! Stalin figured that Israel will promptly turn communist. Israel didn’t care from where support came; it received arms shipment from Czechoslovakia and then a nuclear power plant in 1956 from socialist France and on and on.
The SNSP made in roads in all the religious castes, even among the staunch Arabic Sunni sect that is always in favor of a Caliphate and seeking support from Sunni States. It is to be understood that Saadeh didn’t view the Arabic issue from a romantic perspective of rough bedwins and so forth. In fact, his father Khalil lambasted Britain for appointing Fayssal of Hijaz (Arabic Peninsula) as King to Syria in 1919 because Syria was urban in nature and didn’t care for bedwins’ mentality of razzia and loot. Later in 1948, the Syrian Baath Party was founded on many crappie sentimentality of pride in the bedwin nature and rough living behavior and spread the notion of Arabism and an Arabic Nation. Saadeh claimed that the Arab World is composed of four distinct nations such as the Arabic Peninsula, Syria, Egypt and Sudan, and the Northern African Arab States. Thus, Saadeh insisted that “Syria Nation” has a distinctive civilization that spoke the Arabic language; actually, Antun Saadeh refused to speak any Arabic slang but enforced classical Arabic and his family communicated in classical Arabic.
France arrested Saadeh twice, banished legally his party and then forced him to leave Lebanon in 1938. While in prison Saadeh wrote his book “Origin (Rise) of Nations”. Antun Saadeh lived in Argentina till 1947 and published “Islam in its two messages: Christ and the Prophet Mohammad”; the gist of it was that all sects in Syria have religious foundations based common denominator in beliefs; that the verses and message of the Prophet Mohammad before he had to flee to Medina were almost identical to the Christian verses and messages. When Saadeh landed in Lebanon in 1947 he was welcomed by a massive popular rally at the airport disregarding the barriers set up by the Lebanese government. That unprecedented mass rally frightened the Lebanese government into frenzied reactions (Lebanon was then recognized as an independent State in 1943; Lebanon had to wait till 1946 for the last French soldier to vacate the land). As Saadeh landed the Lebanese government issued a mandate for his arrest. Saadeh refused and isolated himself in Dhour Chouweir in Mount Lebanon where he resumed organizing his party and spreading his message. The SNSP was to win the election to the Parliament in 1948 but the Lebanese government made sure to rob it out of a victory and kept the pressure on this party. When the UN recognized Israel in 1948 and partioned Palestine by the resolution of 193, Saadeh asked for arms and ammunition to fight in Palestine and was denied any support. Nevertheless, the SNSP sent fighters into Palestine and many died martyrs and were composed from all the “Syrian” States’ citizens.
The USA and British oil companies were negotiating the installation of an oil pipeline with the Syrian government that kept refusing the deal. Britain initiated a military coup and brought in General Hosni Zaim who signed the contract. Saadeh gave hard time to both the Syrian and Lebanese governments claiming that the deal of an oil pipeline to Tripoli was a highway robbery of our national resources; thus, he was to be eliminated.
Saadeh was instigated to revolt in 1949 after countless harassment by the Lebanese government and the action failed. Antun Saadeh was captured in Syria and convicted within 24 hours in July, by a makeshift tribunal, and executed by a firing squad in Lebanon. Six other members were selected on confessional basis, 3 Christians and 3 Moslems, and executed by firing squads.
There are firm evidences that Britain and Israel were behind the instigation and capture and hurried execution of Antun Saadeh; he was not even fifty. Antun Ssadeh could speak and write fluently in at least four languages and he wrote and published extensively and his production was later published in a dozen books. One of the manuscripts is titled “Bankruptcy of Isolationism” meaning that the ideologies and practices of the confessional parties in Lebanon have failed miserably.