Adonis Diaries

Posts Tagged ‘British mandated power’

During the British mandated power over Palestine (1928-47): British Terror tactics allied and trained the Zionist terrorist organizations

Posted by: on: May 20, 2021

British and Zionist terror tactics in Palestine in years in the 1930’s

Posted on November 4, 2011

In the 1920’s, under British mandated power, the Palestinians delivered countless petition to the British administration to conduct democratic elections for municipal and the Parliament, as did the French mandated power in Syria and Lebanon.

The Zionist Jews, in Palestine and their lobbies in England and the USA, blocked any election process, on the ground that since they are in the minority (one Jew to 10 Palestinians), the election would be at their disadvantage.

As England refused to institute democratic laws and representation in Palestine, the Palestinians realized that the mandated power is intent on establishing a Zionist State in part of Palestine.

In Nov. 1935, sheikh Al Qassam and four of his followers moved to the forest of Jenine and started training and preparing for civil resistance.  The British assassinated all of them.

And the “Great Revolt“, as labeled by the British, lasted 3 years. 

The British engaged 100,000 troops to quell the civil insurrection by all means of cruelty and brutality.

A British physician on the field, Tom Segev, wrote in his diary: “The brute tactics used by the British forces and the methods of humiliation could be efficiently adopted by Nazi Hitler.  Nazi Germany could learn and assimilate the British terror tactics on smooth running of concentration camps...”

The British initiated and trained Jewish colons to participate in the taming of the Palestinian civil disobedience.

David Niv, the official historian of the terrorist Zionist organization, the Irgun, wrote in “The campaign of the National Military Organization 1931-37”:

“The violent attacks of the Irgun are not done in reaction of those who perpetrated acts of violence against Jews, and the random violence were not conducted in localities where violent acts were done.  

The principal criteria were:

First, the targets must be accessible, and

Second, the terror attacks must kill the maximum of civilian Palestinians…”

In their National Bulletin, the Irgun displayed their satisfaction of the 3-week-long terror attacks on Palestinians, throwing bombs in crowded markets, Mosques, hand grenades in buses, machine-gunning passing trains…

The 3 weeks spree of random violence killed over 140 Palestinians, a number far greater that the Palestinian resistance movement killed in 18 months…

The leader of the Irgun, the Polish Zionist Vladimir Jabotinsky, wrote in 1923:

“We must develop the colonies behind a “Wall of Steel”, backed by a protective force that could not be broken.  The Palestinians (labelled Arabs) will never accept any Jewish colony as long as they conserve a slight hope of dislodging it.  A voluntary agreement is not thinkable. We have to resume the colonization process without taking into consideration the humors of the indigenous population...”

David Ben Gurion, leader of the Zionist Haganah organization, rallied to that strategy, though he publicly condemned Jabotinsky fascist methods (Jabotinsky was a staunch admirer of Italian dictator Benito Mussolini)

The terrorist Zionist Stern organization, lead by Menahem Begin and Yitzak Shamir, (both later to be elected Prime Ministers in the 80’s), merged with the Irgun as Ben Gurion proclaimed unilaterally the establishment of Israel in 1948.

The Stern and Irgun and Haganah conducted terror attacks and genocides in many Palestinian towns and villages, forcing the Palestinians to flee: The Palestinians believed the leave will be of short-term duration, as the UN will negotiate their return…

Actually, the Zionist organizations started collecting intelligence pieces on the villages and towns they planned to transfer by terror tactics since 1939.  

They waited for a war to start to give the green light for the execution of detailed plans in 1947, the year England decided to relinquish its mandated power over Palestine.

Note 1 : Article inspired from a chapter in “A history of Lebanon, 1860-2009” by the British journalist David Hirst.  Hirst was the correspondent of the British daily The Guardian in the Middle-East for 43 years.  He was kidnapped twice during Lebanon civil war.

Note 2: The British secret services trained French assassins since 1942 during WW2

Note 3: You may read this link on doctoring reports of random violence by Israel establishment http://www.stoptorture.org.il/files/Doctoring%20the%20Evidence%20Ab

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“My Palestinian grandmother witnessed the following events since British mandated power:

Posted by: on: August 17, 2018

“My Palestinian grandmother witnessed the following events:

Joanna Choukeir Hojeily. August 15, 2014 at 10:50 PM · Eltham, United Kingdom

A Palestinian living in New York: “My grandmother witnessed the following events:

– she lived during the British mandate of Palestine and its turmoil
– the 1948 war and nakba (catastrophe) 
– the 1956 Israeli invasion of Gaza
– the 1967 six days war and Israeli occupation of Gaza and the West Bank
– the 1973 war


Then she moved with my grandfather to Lebanon to witness:
– the 1978 Israeli invasion of Lebanon
– the civil war
– the 1982 Israel massive invasion of Lebanon and entering its Capital Beirut


Then she returned to Gaza to witness:
– the 1987 first intifada
– the Oslo peace agreement
– the 2000 second intifada
– the 2006 operation
– cast lead 2008/2009
– pillar of cloud 2012
– protective edge 2014

Last time I called her she asked me to take care of myself and to focus on my studies- hoping for a better future.

My grandmother’a calendar is full of war and bloodshed. She is in Gaza now and I’m in New York unable to go see her or see my family and beloved ones.

Since 1948 when she hears the drums of war, she gets dressed and prepares her papers and precious stuff getting ready to become forth, fifth, or sixth time refugee in her country.

Freedom is precious guys, if you live in freedom and dignity you never need to complain….”
–

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Part 9. Ten Myths on Israel: Not how a “Democratic State” should behave (by Ian Pappe)

Posted by: on: July 21, 2018

Part 9. Ten Myths on Israel: Not how a “Democratic State” behave (by Ian Pappe)

No, Israel Is Not a Democracy

Destroying Palestinians’ Houses Is Not Democratic

Imprisoning Palestinians Without Trial Is Not Democratic (A mandated British law of administrative detention applied by Israel since its inception)

By lan Pappe

From Ten Myths About Israel, out now from Verso Books.

June 12, 2018 “Information Clearing House” –  Israel is not the only democracy in the Middle East. In fact, it’s not a democracy at all.

In the eyes of many Israelis and their supporters worldwide — even those who might criticize some of its policies — Israel is, at the end of the day, a benign democratic state, seeking peace with its neighbors, and guaranteeing equality to all its citizens.

Those who do criticize Israel assume that, if anything went wrong in this democracy, then it was due to the 1967 war.

Imprisoning Palestinians Without Trial Is Not Democratic

Another feature of the “enlightened occupation” is imprisonment without trial. Every fifth Palestinian in the West Bank and the Gaza Strip has undergone such an experience.

(Actually 60% of youths have gone through this humiliating revolving prison door. As most Black people in the USA can testify to this apartheid treatment)

It is interesting to compare this Israeli practice with similar American policies in the past and the present, as critics of the boycott, divestment, and sanctions (BDS) movement claim that US practices are far worse.

In fact, the worst American example was the imprisonment without trial of one hundred thousand Japanese citizens during World War II, with thirty thousand later detained under the so-called “war on terror.”

(In Israel, it is a systematic practice. Every night, a dozen Palestinian youths are hoarded out of their bed)

Neither of these numbers comes even close to the number of Palestinians who have experienced such a process: including the very young, the old, as well as the long-term incarcerated.

Arrest without trial is a traumatic experience.

Not knowing the charges against you, having no contact with a lawyer and hardly any contact with your family are only some of the concerns that will affect you as a prisoner.

More brutally, many of these arrests are used as means to pressure people into collaboration.

Spreading rumors or shaming people for their alleged or real sexual orientation are also frequently used as methods for leveraging complicity.

As for torture, the reliable website Middle East Monitor published a harrowing article describing the 200 methods used by the Israelis to torture Palestinians. The list is based on a UN report and a report from the Israeli human rights organization B’Tselem.

Among other methods it includes beatings, chaining prisoners to doors or chairs for hours, pouring cold and hot water on them, pulling fingers apart, and twisting testicles.

(Actually, the majority of these torture techniques were borrowed from the British mandated power that applied them during the first Palestinian civil disobedience (Intifada) in 1935 and that lasted 3 years. The Palestinians have been demanding democratic elections in municipalities. Britain had to dispatch 100,000 troops and enlisted the Jews in that horror campaign)

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How to negotiate and for how long? James de Rothschild

Posted by: on: November 20, 2014

How to negotiate and for how long? James de Rothschild 

James de Rothschild, father of Edmond de Rothschild who colonized Palestine, gave his son this lesson in negotiation.

Edmond was dispatched to negotiate with Italians at Berne to sell a railroad the family owned. He told Edmond:

“See this sealed box? You negotiate without conceding any concession on our demands. After 40 days, if the negotiation is Not getting to a closure, then open the box and you’ll find the points we are ready to concede. You Zionists have this mania of prematurely acting and talking before the time is ripe”

(What would happened if they took their time? Many people, including the Jews would have been far better off)

From 1930 to 35, the British mandated power over Palestine recorded 235 grievances and work stops. 90% were from Jewish syndicates and organizations.

26 of these grievances resulted from hiring Palestinians.

Elie Kahanoff wrote that between 1933-36, 36,000 German Jews immigrated to Palestine. By the end of 1936, the Jews constituted 30% of the total population of 1, 320,000

At the Colonial Exposition of Paris in 1931, Justin Godard speech for Edmond said:

“A great French, who is animated with faith and fraternity, has created for the persecuted, 43 immense domains for asylum and for work. Edmond introduced scientific agricultural methods in Palestine and arid spaces are now covered of vines, olive and orange trees…”

But all these trees already existed in Palestine and in abundance, and the Palestinians exported all these produces.

Currently, it is the Israeli colons who are cutting down and burning the Palestinian olive and fruit trees (11,000 for this year only) for expansion of their settlements, or for just spiting the Palestinians.

Before 1900, most Zionist administrators of Jewish colonies and living in Palestine had thrown the towel and could barely suffer the new immigrants and their endless demands and rebellious nature.

Most of the new immigrants wanted to do anything but work the land: They wanted to open factories, trade… but never get into agriculture.

The new immigrants coming from northern Europe, Russia, Romania, Bulgaria, Germany.. had hard time living in Palestine, a totally different climate and social customs. Most of them got sick with malaria, diphtheria…

It was Edmond de Rothschild who insisted that he will only fund agricultural colonies and agricultural projects and that the school main objective is to train in agriculture and for fabricating tools for cultivation.

Edmond poured money into the colonies about to fold and the more he sent money the higher were the demands and requests.

He invested more than current $100 million in 15 years, and kept investing till he died in 1934.

By 1882, at the time Edmond started to focus on Palestine, the French Universal Israelite Alliance (UIA, with main purpose of opening schools to Jews in north Africa and the Near-East) had already shipped Jews to colonize America.

In 1883, F. Veneziani ( a member of the UIA central comity) pleaded with Edmond to come to the rescue of the settlers who were having a hard time surviving. From then on, Edmond began to send fresh funds to sustain the colonies.

At his period, the Ottoman Empire decided to crack down on the illegal Jewish immigration. Edmond circumvented this law and shipped the Jews to Egypt and Lebanon and from there by land to the existing colonies in Palestine.

Edmond had high preference for the settlements in Galilee because of the fertile land, plenty of water, closer to the only port of Haifa and the better attitudes of the Jews from Rumania who didn’t mind working the land. (The Russians in the southern settlements were constant trouble and engaged in revolts).

The four main colonies in the north that Edmond supported lavishly were: Ekron, Rishon-Le Zion, Samarin (Zakhron-Jacob) and Rosh-Pinah.

Edmond appointed Elie Scheid (Alsace) to be the administrator of the colonies with the main job of registering the transferred properties in Istanbul. The colons could acquire a private piece of land for agriculture, but they could not sell it to anyone without the agreement of Scheid.

Between 1883-86, the settlements of the Amants de Sion were faltering while those of Edmond prospered.

In these years, Samuel Hirsch (Edmond’s director for colonies) admitted that he could receive 100 sons of colons to his agricultural school in Mikveh-Israel.

Joseph Niego (1863-1960) born in Edirne (Turkey) and a professional in agronomy, succeeded to Hirsch. He was a member of the B’nai B’rith (Jewish American Franc-Mason lodge). He could not suffer the troublesome Jews arriving from Russia, Rumania and Bulgaria.

It is when Elie Krause became the director in 1914 that the “peaceful conquest of the Sacred land” started in earnest.

If Edmond participated in funding colonies in America, even investing one dollar out of 100 in America, instead of focusing on Palestine, the Jews would have colonized America.

The result of all this foolish stubbornness left very miserable people in the Middle East for the coming century: very unlucky Palestinians, unlucky citizens in the States bordering Israel and the worse unlucky Israelites who were born and raised in Palestine.

The Israeli has to serve 3 solid years in the army, serve on month as reservist till the age of 50, participate in successive preemptive wars against Egypt, Jordan, Syria and Lebanon, learn to be the oppressor of the Palestinians, learn to dehumanize the Palestinians, to rob the Palestinians of their basic human rights… And suffer the lot of new Jewish immigrants bringing their lot of extremism, religious zealots, colonial mentality and European brutality.

The theocratic ideology of maintaining the absolute dominion of the Jews in the Middle-East and the western countries is throwing havoc to any sensible

Israelites who already feel they are doomed to disappear as a State for constant policies of preemptive wars, apartheid policies, State ruled by religion,  and antagonizing the world community.

By the way, the steady strategy of Israel is to assassinate every important scientist and engineer in Iran, Iraq, Syria, Jordan, Egypt and Lebanon.

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“Shaking off, Civil Disobedience movements”: Palestinian Intifadas of 1936,1987, 2000, and 2011…

Posted by: on: December 13, 2011

Palestinian Intifadas “shaking off civil disobedience movements”: 1936,1987, 2000, and 2011

I still cannot believe how this Palestinian people managed to survive as an entity after a century of continuous pogroms and programs to wipe this tenacious people out from the consciousness of world community, as a people entitled for a State and the dignity of a special community that lived for centuries in the same land of Palestine.

Starting in 1918, and for over 18 years, the British mandated power over Palestine refused to hold any election of any kinds (even local and municipal elections) for the Palestinian people.

France had already executed democratic elections for parliaments in Syria and Lebanon since 1920! Why England failed to emulate democratic processes in its mandated States? The Jews represented one tenth of the population.  The Zionist organization refused to have any sort of democratic elections in Palestine until the immigrant Jews reached a majority of the population.

In 1936, Sheikh Al Qassam was assassinated and the Palestinian civil disobedience lasted three years.

The mandated British power dispatched 100,000 soldiers to quell the uprising, using harsher new military laws, new torture techniques, new terrorist methods…

All the modern Torture techniques that Nazi Germany studied and applied…

All the terrorist methods that the Zionist State retained in its laws and legal books, applied and went even further until today…

All of the movement containment methods that Israel transferred to the US domestic security forces after 9/11 attack, on the ground of fighting “terrorists” and are still applied on the protesters of Occupy Wall Street

During the WWII, the British mandate refused to enlist Palestinians in its army, but strongly encouraged the Jews in Palestine to enlist, learn how to fight, do war, learn terror tactics, and amass weapons for the next phase after the war.

In 1948, the State of Israel executed its plans and programs that it worked upon in the late 30’s, with the facilitation of the British in providing all kinds of intelligence pieces and data on the Palestinian towns and villages.

The Palestinians were forced by random violence and genocide tactics to flee, transfer, and evacuate their homes, villages and lands…Over 400,000 Palestinians fled to temporary refugee camps in Lebanon, Jordan, and Syria…

Temporary camps that evolved to be permanent shantytown residence for the next 60 years…

In 1973, the hideous Golda Meir PM, proclaimed: “Palestinians? There is no Palestinian people, period...”

In 1982 and 2003 Ariel Sharon committed two genocides against the Palestinian civilian refugees. In the Sabra and Shatila (Chatila) camps (Beirut), the genocides that lasted three nights and three days: 2,000 were buried hastily in dug up graveyards, less than a meter deep, and another 1,000 were carried away, never to reappear.

Solemn U.S. security guarantees for safeguarding the unarmed Palestinians in the camps were proven untrustworthy, as Ambassador Philip Habib of President Reagan acknowledged.

In 2003, The camp of Jennine in the occupied West Bank, the genocide lasted an entire week.  Over 5,000 civilians were buried in a crater larger and deeper than Ground Zero in New York.  Tanks rolled over live children, women, and elderly people…

Of the many genocides committed on Palestinians, the “advanced” democracies in Europe and the USA didn’t bat an eyelid…

Israel invaded Lebanon on June 6, 1982, put siege on West Beirut, cut off water supply, electricity, food supply… for 3 months and bombarded the city by air, sea and land.  Israel entered the Capital Beirut and forced the PLO to vacate Lebanon to Tunisia and Yemen…

Israel  carried out assassinations of the Palestinian leadership in Tunis (October 1985).

In the spring of 1987, the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO) met in Algeria and a significant unity in the ranks was accomplished and the decision to getting the Palestinians inside the occupied land to rise and confront their occupiers.

As the Arab Summit held in Amman (Jordan) in the fall 1987 virtually ignored the plight of the Palestinian people under occupation, the spirit of the occupied Palestinians rose to the challenge:  This spirit of determination moved on the ground, using civil disobedience, stones, rocks and bare flesh…all that they ever had…

The catalyst for the First Intifada movement started as a protest after 4 Palestinians in Gaza were killed when an Israeli truck collided with two vans carrying Palestinian workers.

On that first day, the Israeli authorities shot and killed a number of Palestinians, including an infant, Fatmeh Alqidri of Gaza City. The protests spread immediately to Nablus on the West Bank the next day, where the Israeli authorities shot and killed more unarmed Palestinians, including eighteen-year-old Ibrahim Ekeik.

Protests broke out in East Jerusalem on December 13, and by the end of the first week, a general strike had paralyzed all of the Occupied Territories. Ensuing clashes spread throughout the Occupied Territories of the West Bank and Gaza.

24 years (x) ago on December 9, 1987, what is referred to today as the first Intifada of the valiant Palestinian people against Zionist Israel and the Occupation erupted. An Intifada is a “Civil Uprising” in Arabic, literally, “shaking off” or “overturning.” The movement initially began as a protest after four Palestinians in Gaza were killed when an Israeli truck collided with two vans carrying Palestinian workers.<br /><br /><br />The protests occurred in the context of increasing violence by heavily armed settlers in the Occupied Territories against the unarmed Palestinian people, growing unemployment and rising national consciousness, and the political mobilization which had taken place in the Diaspora since the 1960s and especially since Israel’s invasion of Lebanon on June 6, 1982 with the “green light” from the United States, the massacres at the Sabra and Shatilah camps in Beirut, the attempts to assassinate the Palestinian leadership in Tunis (October 1985) and the unyielding resistance of the Lebanese people to occupation. Solemn U.S. security guarantees were proven untrustworthy by the blood of Palestinian women, children, and old men, all dead in the camps around Beirut. The spring 1987 PLO meeting in Algeria brought a notable unity to the ranks and orientation of the liberation movement, raising the spirit of all Palestinians inside and outside. The fall 1987 Arab Summit held in Amman, Jordan, within sight of the West Bank, virtually ignored the plight of the Palestinian people under occupation, thereby strengthening their determination that they must act on their own behalf and on the basis of their own forces.<br /><br /><br />On that first day, the Israeli authorities shot and killed a number of Palestinians, including an infant, Fatmeh Alqidri of Gaza City. The protests spread immediately to Nablus on the West Bank the next day, where the Israeli authorities shot and killed more unarmed Palestinians, including eighteen-year-old Ibrahim Ekeik. Protests broke out in East Jerusalem on December 13, and by the end of the first week, a general strike had paralyzed all of the Occupied Territories. Ensuing clashes spread throughout the Occupied Territories of the West Bank and Gaza.<br /><br /><br />The Intifada was a popular, national rebellion, carried by the youth (some 60 per cent of the society was under the age of 15) with the active participation of Palestinian workers and all sections of the society. Palestinians resigned from the local police forces and from the civil administration, and Palestinian shopkeepers attempted to set their own hours and prices. As their organized instrument, the Intifada gave rise to popular committees, many of them publishing their own information and news bulletins, exposing the day-to-day reality of life under occupation and carrying the communiqués of the Unified National Leadership of the Uprising — a coalition of the main political parties — with the goal to end the Israeli occupation and establish Palestinian independence.<br /><br /><br />The response of the state of Israel was characteristic of its entire policy from 1948 to date: terrorism, including closing the Palestinian universities and schools, deporting activists, scorching and destroying homes, and firing live ammunition and “rubber” bullets into crowds, especially of youth.<br /><br /><br />By July 1, 1988, the Israeli Central Command declared all the popular committees which had sprung up to be illegal. By 1989 the number of soldiers deployed by Israel to the West Bank was more than three times the number used to conquer it during the Six Day war, when vast numbers of Palestinians were driven from their homes; some four hundred thousand Palestinians were displaced, about half of them displaced for the second time. By the end of the first year of the Intifada the number of Palestinians killed by Israeli forces was 218. Twenty thousand were wounded, 15,000 arrested, 12,000 jailed and 34 deported under the pretext that they were “committee activists.” Nevertheless by November, 1988 the Palestine National Council adopted its Declaration of Independence and announced the establishment of the state of Palestine in the West Bank and Gaza, something initially recognized by 55 countries.<br /><br /><br />As other revolutionary and national liberation struggles ebbed on the world scale with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the emergence of the unipolar world with the United States as the dominant superpower, the Intifada continued, a national rebellion posing the major obstacle to Washington’s designs on the Middle Eastern region and the major factor in averting an imperialist peace in the Middle East and the so-called “New Arab Order” of President George Bush I inaugurated by the Gulf War. The Palestinians were inspired by the heroic resistance of the Lebanese people to the attack on and occupation of Lebanon with U.S. backing in 1982 and the Palestinian Intifada in turn inspired the resistance of the Lebanese people to Israel’s illegal occupation of South Lebanon throughout the 1980s and 1990s. These movements frustrated attempts to redraw the geo-political map in the Arab region into an American oasis by toppling various so-called “failed” or “rogue states” which refused to acquiesce to U.S. policies or to keep silent about Israel’s brutal atrocities. Over 1,500 Palestinians died and thousands more were maimed during the first Intifada, brought to an end by the Oslo process.<br /><br /><br />The deceptive Oslo Accords of September 1993 refused to recognize the right of the Palestinians to their own sovereign state and the right of return of five million people in the Diaspora, who had been deported since 1948. Summit after summit in an eternal “peace process” of Peres/Barak and Clinton came and went, a calculated process of “no war, no peace,” aimed at intensifying the Zionist colonization program within the Occupied Territories went unopposed, taking the initiative out of the hands of the Palestinian people, liquidating this uprising and sidetracking the long-term struggle for guaranteeing the rights of the Palestinians. Israel implemented its greatest expansion of colonial settlements into Palestinian territory (doubling between 1983 and 1991) — its policies of “Transfer” and dispersal of the Palestinians.<br /><br /><br />The persistent and steadfast resistance frustrated these strategems as well. This laid bare a crisis of historic proportions for the United States and Israel. Far from surrendering their fate to the hands of such monstrous powers, the Palestinians spontaneously unleashed their second popular Intifada (also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada) in response to the calculated provocations of Ariel Sharon’s “visit” to the Al-Aqsa Mosque on September 28, 2000, with thousands of security forces armed to the teeth deployed in and around the Old City in Jerusalem. Ensuing clashes with protestors armed only with stones left in the first two days alone five Palestinians dead and over 200 injured. Sharon’s brave “visit” was the excuse to launch his terror and repressive policies on the most barbaric level ever seen. The incident sparked a widespread uprising in the Occupied Territories, inside Israel and the Arab World, anger throughout the world and brought the peace process to a halt.<br /><br /><br />From this historic date of the first Intifada on December 9, 1987, the Palestinian people gave political form and content to their more than 100-year-old struggle for self-determination and national independence for Historic Palestine, reflecting new levels of national unity not seen since the Great Revolt of the mid-1930s. The steadfastness and popularity of the resistance movements, especially in the Palestinian street which continues strongly to-date, does not conceal the truth that the second Palestinian Intifada in its fourth year is facing serious and difficult challenges. These lie from within and from without, not the least of which is to strip the initiative from its essential demand, namely full withdrawal from the Arab lands occupied in 1967, the return of Palestinian refugees and establishment of a new sovereign state in Historic Palestine.<br /><br /><br />The Palestinian Intifada and resistance is the one fortress defending the dignity, honour, culture and potential of the Palestinian and Arabic peoples. The Ottoman, the British and the American Empires and their tools all tried to subvert, humiliate and crush this fortress, be it with the olive branch of conciliation or the terror of force in the service of their inhuman interests. Thousands of men, women and children have been martyred. This fortress is part of, benefits and aids the struggle of entire humanity for their rights, their freedoms and their liberation, including the fundamental right to self-determination of the peoples and nations of the world.<br /><br /><br />Palestine , I salute you.

Stones, rocks, bare flesh…against bullets, teargas, helmets

The protests occurred in the context of increasing violence by heavily armed settlers in the Occupied Territories against the unarmed Palestinian people, growing unemployment and rising national consciousness, and the political mobilization which had taken place in the Diaspora since the 1960s, and especially since Israel’s invasion of Lebanon on June 6, 1982, entering Capital Beirut and forcing the PLO to vacate Lebanon to Tunisia and Yemen…

The Intifada was a popular, national rebellion, carried by the youth (some 60 per cent of the society was under the age of 15) with the active participation of Palestinian workers and all sections of the society.

Palestinians resigned from the local police forces and from the civil administration, and Palestinian shopkeepers attempted to set their own hours and prices.

The Intifada organized “people committees“, many of them publishing their own information and news bulletins, exposing the day-to-day reality of life under occupation and spreading the communiques of the Unified National Leadership of the Uprising — a coalition of the main political parties — with the goal to end the Israeli occupation and establish Palestinian independence.

The response of the State of Israel was characteristic of its entire policy since before it was created in 1948:  Random acts of violence, terrorism,  closing the Palestinian universities and schools, deporting activists, scorching and destroying homes, and firing live ammunition and “rubber” bullets into crowds, especially of youth.

By July 1, 1988, the Israeli Central Command declared all the Palestinian popular committees to be illegal.

In 1989, the number of soldiers deployed by Israel to the West Bank was more than 3 times the number used to conquer it during the Six Day war (1967), when vast numbers of Palestinians were driven from their homes; some four hundred thousand Palestinians were displaced, about half of them displaced for the second time.

By the end of the first year of the Intifada the number of Palestinians killed by Israeli forces was 218, the injured were over 20,000, over 15,000 were arrested, 12,000 jailed and 34 deported under the pretext that they were “committee activists. 

Over 1,500 Palestinians died and thousands more were maimed during the first Intifada, brought to an end by the Oslo process.

In November 1988, the Palestine National Council adopted its Declaration of Independence and announced the establishment of the State of Palestine in the West Bank and Gaza, initially recognized by 55 countries.  The number of States recognizing the Palestinian State has increased to 120 today.

At the end of the first war on Iraq in 1991, the US administration realized that the Palestinian problem must reach a resolution if any kinds of stability is to be sustained in the Middle East.  President George Bush Senior inaugurated  the “New Arab Order”: A conference was held in Madrid.

The Palestinians were inspired by the heroic resistance of the Lebanese people during Lebanon invasion in 1982.  The First Palestinian Intifada in turn inspired the resistance of the Lebanese people to resume resistance against Israel’s illegal occupation of South Lebanon throughout the 1990’s.

The Oslo Accords of September 1993 refused to recognize the right of the Palestinians to their own sovereign State and the right of return of five million people in the Diaspora, who had been deported since 1948.  As Rabin PM was assassinated by one of his Jewish bodyguard, the Oslo Accord faltered and stopped.  Israel implemented its greatest expansion of colonial settlements into Palestinian territory (doubling between 1983 and 1991) — its policies of “Transfer and dispersal of the Palestinians”.

On September 28, 2000, candidate Ariel Sharon visited the Mosque, supported by thousands of security forces armed to the teeth, deployed in and around the Old City in Jerusalem.  The Palestinians spontaneously unleashed their second popular Intifada (also known as the Al-Aqsa Intifada), in response to the calculated provocations of Ariel Sharon’s “visit” to the Al-Aqsa Mosque.

Ensuing clashes with protestors, armed only with stones, left in the first two days alone five Palestinians dead and over 200 injured. The incident sparked a widespread uprising in the Occupied Territories, inside Israel and the Arab World, anger throughout the world and brought the peace process to a halt.

The Second Intifada forced Israel to build the Wall of Shame (strongly condemned by the UN) and vacating all Jewish settlements and Israeli troops from the Gaza Strip. In 2011, even the insipid Mahmoud Abbas (President of the Palestinian Authority) gave a speech in the UN demanding the recognition of a Palestinian State.

On the first Intifada on December 9, 1987, the Palestinian people gave political form and content to their more than 100-year-old struggle for self-determination and national independence, reflecting new levels of national unity not seen since the Great Revolt of the mid-1930’s.

Palestinian resisting and steadfast people , I salute you.

Note:  Last week, Gingrich, the Republican Presidential candidate, proclaimed that there is no Palestinian people for any homeland. 

Worse, every Palestinian is necessarily a terrorist…

Is Gingrich running in the US or in Israel? Gingrich has Alzheimer disease?  The Washington Post published a piece claiming that Gingrich is technically Not off the mark!

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