Posts Tagged ‘Hassan Kakar’
A few Genocides committed in the 19th century and early 20th
In 1864, Russia under Alexander II, massacred 600,000 Cherkess around the region of Sochi (men, women, and children) and forced over one million to be displaced toward Turkey.
(The same Tsar who was assassinated shortly after by “anarchists”, the day he was supposed to sign on a new constitution.
What happened?
In 1861, 12 tribes from this Caucasus region united to fend off another Russian invasion, and demanded a self-autonomy within Russia, but the demand was rejected.
In the 19th century, Russia expanded greatly at the expense of the Ottoman Empire. At each Russian incursion, the “Christian” Armenians in Turkey supported the invading Russian troops. One of the cursed city was Kars in Turkey, and situated strategically by the border to Russia.
By 1915 and the engagement of Turkey on the side of Germany, it was a golden opportunity for the Turks to transfer the Armenians far away from the Russian borders. Destination: Deir el Zour in north-east current Syria, and in control of the ISIS extremist Islamic faction, a century later.
The Turkish leaders appointed the Kurds to execute the transfer and turned blind eyes to the exaction, massacre, looting and grabbing the properties of the Armenians. Most of the refugees died on their way to Syria from all kinds of inhuman treatment, famine and thirst.
Shall I mention a few of the recent genocide?
1. In Rwanda (Africa) against the Hutu ethnics. The genocide lasted 6 months.
2. Serbia against the Muslims in Kosovo Srebrenica Genocide,
3. Cambodia. The genocide lasted 2 years.
4. Darfur in Sudan. a still ongoing problem
All of these genocide took their full time to complete, and the international community refused to intervene to stop the genocide, until the genocide was exhausted.
A few of ongoing genocide:
1. Zionist Israel dehumanizing the Palestinians in the occupied West Bank and Gaza. Israel apartheid had been at it for over 70 years and the western States kept aiding Israel preemptive wars and settlements.
2. South Sudan, in the newly established “independent” State
3. ISIS in north Syria and Iraq, committing atrocities on christian sects and all religious sects and…
4. Boko Haram in north Nigeria
(I’m not sure of the number of massacred Greeks who occupied Turkey. But the Greek troops were routed and vacated Turkey)
Stages of genocide, influences leading to genocide, and efforts to prevent it[edit]
Hassan Kakar wrote in Wikipedia:
For genocide to happen, there must be certain preconditions.
Foremost among them is a national culture that does not place a high value on human life.
A totalitarian society, with its assumed superior ideology, is also a precondition for genocide
Members of the dominant society must perceive their potential victims as less than fully human: as “pagans,” “savages,” “uncouth barbarians,” “unbelievers,” “effete degenerates,” “ritual outlaws,” “racial inferiors,” “class antagonists,” “counterrevolutionaries,” and so on.[89]
In themselves, these conditions are not enough for the perpetrators to commit genocide.
To commit genocide, the perpetrators need a strong, centralized authority and bureaucratic organization as well as pathological individuals and criminals.
A campaign of vilification and dehumanization of the victims by the perpetrators is carried out over decades, who are usually new states or new regimes attempting to impose conformity to a new ideology and its model of society.[88]
(The same process done by Zionist Israel against the Palestinians for over 70 years)
In 1996 Gregory Stanton, the president of Genocide Watch, presented a briefing paper, shortly after the Rwandan Genocide, called “The 8 Stages of Genocide” at the United States Department of State.[91]
Stanton suggested that genocide develops 8 stages that are “predictable but not inexorable“.[91][92]
The preventative measures suggested, given the briefing paper’s original target audience, were those that the United States could implement directly or indirectly by using its influence on other governments.
| Stage | Characteristics | Preventive measures |
|---|---|---|
| 1. Classification |
People are divided into “us and them”. | “The main preventive measure at this early stage is to develop universalistic institutions that transcend… divisions.” |
| 2. Symbolization |
“When combined with hatred, symbols may be forced upon unwilling members of pariah groups…” | “To combat symbolization, hate symbols can be legally forbidden as can hate speech“. |
| 3. Dehumanization |
“One group denies the humanity of the other group. Members of it are equated with animals, vermin, insects, or diseases.” | “Local and international leaders should condemn the use of hate speech and make it culturally unacceptable. Leaders who incite genocide should be banned from international travel and have their foreign finances frozen.” |
| 4. Organization |
“Genocide is always organized… Special army units or militias are often trained and armed…” | “The U.N. should impose arms embargoes on governments and citizens of countries involved in genocidal massacres, and create commissions to investigate violations” |
| 5. Polarization |
“Hate groups broadcast polarizing propaganda…” | “Prevention may mean security protection for moderate leaders or assistance to human rights groups…Coups d’état by extremists should be opposed by international sanctions.” |
| 6. Preparation |
“Victims are identified and separated out because of their ethnic or religious identity…” | “At this stage, a Genocide Emergency must be declared. …” |
| 7. Extermination |
“It is ‘extermination’ to the killers because they do not believe their victims to be fully human”. | “At this stage, only rapid and overwhelming armed intervention can stop genocide. Real safe areas or refugee escape corridors should be established with heavily armed international protection.” |
| 8. Denial |
“The perpetrators… deny that they committed any crimes…” | “The response to denial is punishment by an international tribunal or national courts” |
Adonis Diaries 