Posts Tagged ‘New-burgh mutiny’
How George Washington was elected in his first Executive Functions… Part 3
Posted by: adonis49 on: January 5, 2014
How George Washington was elected in his first Executive Functions? Part 3
By July 2, 1788, 9 States out of the 13 have ratified the Constitutional text.
On may 29, 1790, all the Stated signed on.
Between October 1787 and May 1788, Alexander Hamilton, James Mason and John Fray published 85 open letters in New York dailies to explain their conception of the executive federal function.
These letters are collected in The Federalist in the Spring of 1788 in order to interpret the Constitution of Federation.
For additional guarantees to individual freedom, 10 amendments are joined to the initial text, and by the end of 1791, the Federal Constitution goes into application.
It was George Washington that was in the mind of the delegates when they agreed on the presidential function and central power.
Born in 1732 in Virginia, Washington leads the local colony militia at the age of 22. He fought against the French during the European war of the 7 years.
The Continental Congress designate Washington as military chief as the battles with the British started.
With the aid of the French, the 13 colonies gained independence from England.
Washington was not famous as a military strategist but his competence was recognized.
At the end of the War for Independence, Washington put down the New-burgh mutiny and retired to his property in Mount Vernon.
Washington had already presided the Continental Congress and the Constitutional Convention and is highly qualified for the executive function.
The delegates had to work hard in order to convince Washington to accept to be a candidate.
The electoral process begins on the first Wednesday of January 1789. The legislature of each State designates its two candidates for the Presidency.
On the first Wednesday of the next month, the Grand Electors of each State select their choices. North Carolina, Rhode Island and New York didn’t participate in the election.
Among the 12 candidates are John Jay, John Adams and the governor of New York George Clinton.
The legislature election was done in January, but the voting on the President had to wait till April 6, 1789. Washington received 69 votes and in second place came John Adams with 34 and became the vice-president according to the Constitution.
Washington arrived to New York (the capital since 1785) on April 30, the Inauguration Day.
The ceremony of investiture is done in the Federal Hall at the angle of Wall Street and Broad street.
At noon, Robert Livingston, the chancellor of New York administers the Presidential oath.
This ceremony institutes two precedents that were not covered by the Constitution:
1. Washington swore with right hand on the Bible
2. And concludes “May God assists me”
Washington’s inaugural speech was the shortest in history, and then they converge to St. Paul Church for mass.
Next post will cover how Washington transformed the executive functions and added by filling loopholes and gaps in the initial Constitution
Note 1: Read part 2 on power of Executive function https://adonis49.wordpress.com/2014/01/01/initial-constitutional-text-on-the-usa-presidential-institutionpart-2/
Note 2: Read “Les Presidents Americains” by Andre Kaspi and Helene Harter
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